A packet forwarding method and apparatus are provided, and pertain to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: determining, by a first node, information about a loop-free path from the first node to a second node, where the first node and the second node are a pair of nodes having an anycast route; and when the first node receives a packet to be sent to a third node, if a link from the first node to the third node is faulty, forwarding, by the first node, the packet to the second node based on the information about the loop-free path, so as to forward the packet to the third node through the second node. According to this application, a success rate of packet sending can be improved.

Embodiments of the invention relate to virtual link aggregation. One embodiment includes forming one or more virtual links using physical links connecting a first networking element, a second networking element and a third networking element. A first trigger status indication is used for blocking network traffic for avoiding traffic loops occurring over the one or more virtual links.

In one embodiment, a method according to the present disclosure includes receiving a topology change advertisement at a remote core edge node and performing a network address information removal operation. The topology change advertisement is received from a core edge node that is in communication with an access network. The topology change advertisement indicates that a topology change has occurred in the access network. The network address information removal operation removes network address information stored by the remote core edge node. The network address information is used by the remote core edge node in participating in communications with the core edge node.

A network interface of a first computing device is configured to operate according to a bridge table. The bridge table defines a spanning tree protocol for a mesh network and identifies one or more reachable nodes. A communication characteristic between the first computing device and a second computing device of the one or more reachable nodes is determined to exceed a quality threshold. Based on the determination that the communication characteristic exceeds the quality threshold, the spanning tree protocol is overridden and the data is transmitted directly to the second computing device via a direct communication route.

A method includes: establishing, by a first network device, a first BMP session with a second network device, and establishing a second BMP session with a third network device; receiving a first BGP route set sent by the second network device, where the first BGP route set includes a BGP route sent by the second network device to the third network device; receiving a second BGP route set sent by the third network device, where the second BGP route set includes the BGP route received by the third network device from the second network device; and when detecting that the second BGP route set includes a first BGP route but the first BGP route set does not include the first BGP route, determining the first BGP route as an unavailable route.

A method of operating first and second terminal devices for transmitting data in a device-to-device communication mode in a wireless telecommunications system supporting communications on a first carrier operating over a first frequency band and a second carrier operating over a second frequency band. The first terminal device transmits control signalling on the first carrier and this is received by the second terminal device. The control signalling comprises an indication of an allocation of radio resource blocks on the second carrier to be used for transmitting user-plane data from the first terminal device to the second terminal device. The first terminal device then proceeds to transmit the user-plane data to the second terminal device on the second carrier using the radio resource blocks on the second carrier identified by the control signalling. The control signalling may also provide an indication of an allocation of radio resource blocks on the first carrier to be used for transmitting user-plane data to the second terminal device.

The present disclosure provides a protection assistance device of multiple circuit breakers in a low-voltage system, in which protection assistance in both directions from the upper side to the lower side or from the lower side to the upper side is possible, and the number of wires for protection assistance between multiple upper/lower circuit breakers can be minimized. The protection assistance device includes at least one upper low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one middle low-voltage circuit breaker; at least one lower low-voltage circuit breaker; and a communication line which makes a communication connection between the low-voltage circuit breakers, wherein the low-voltage circuit breakers comprise a control unit for, when a trip operation of automatically breaking a circuit is performed, transmitting a communication packet for reporting a trip operation state to at least one predetermined circuit breaker among the circuit breakers through the communication line.

Techniques for routing in communications networks include determining a state of a destination node in a current routing table stored at a first node. A value for a reference cost to the destination node is determined based on a minimum cost to the destination in the current routing table. Based on the state, a request message is formed including a reference distance field to prevent loops, an originating node field, a destination field, and a previous hop field. The request message is sent to a different second node within range. A record that indicates the data in the request message is stored in a pending request table. A reply message is received in response to sending the request message. In response to receiving the reply message, the record in the pending request table is removed, and the current routing table is updated based on the reply message.

A routing system for implementing a service and topology exchange protocol (STEP) includes a primary STEP server configured to maintain a STEP repository and a plurality of routers, with each router including a STEP client in communication with the primary STEP server. The STEP client of each router is configured to transmit, using STEP, STEP documents containing service and topology state information for at least one route or service available through the router to the primary STEP server for storage in the STEP repository. The primary STEP server is configured to transmit to the STEP client of each router, using STEP, service and topology state information from the STEP repository for at least one other router based on configured relationships between routers. Each router is configured to make routing decisions based at least in part on the service and topology state information from the at least one other router.

Requests for resources of a web based service are processed by at least updating routing information by a load balancer after determining that a requested resource is not available in a first version of a web based service. The updated routing information indicates the request was previously made against the first version of the web based service and is readable by a second version of the web based service to allow the second version of the web based service to handle the request as a request from the first version and not simply a brand new request.