In various embodiments, lighting systems include an electrically insulating carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that each has at least two electrical contacts electrically connected to conductive elements by a conductive adhesive.

The invention pertains to formation of a semiconducting portion (60) by epitaxial growth on a strained germination portion (40), comprising the steps in which a cavity (21) is produced under a structured part (11) by rendering free a support layer (30) situated facing the structured part (11), a central portion (40), termed the strained germination portion, then being strained; and a semiconducting portion (60) is formed by epitaxial growth on the strained germination portion (40), wherein the structured part (11) is furthermore placed in contact with the support layer (30) in such a way as to bind the structured part (11) of the support layer.

A method of production of a semiconducting structure including a strained portion tied to a support layer by molecular bonding, including the steps in which a cavity is produced situated under a structured part so as to strain a central portion by lateral portions, and the structured part is placed in contact and molecularly bonded with a support layer, wherein a consolidation annealing is performed, and a distal part of the lateral portions in relation to the strained portion is etched.

A method of forming an ohmic contact for a semiconductor device can be provided by thinning a substrate to provide a reduced thickness substrate and providing a metal on the reduced thickness substrate. Laser annealing can be performed at a location of the metal and the reduced thickness substrate at an energy level to form a metal-substrate material to provide the ohmic contact thereat.

Embodiments relate to use of a particle accelerator beam to form thin films of material from a bulk substrate are described. In particular embodiments, a bulk substrate having a top surface is exposed to a beam of accelerated particles. In certain embodiments, this bulk substrate may comprise GaN; in other embodiments this bulk substrate may comprise (111) single crystal silicon. Then, a thin film or wafer of material is separated from the bulk substrate by performing a controlled cleaving process along a cleave region formed by particles implanted from the beam. In certain embodiments this separated material is incorporated directly into an optoelectronic device, for example a GaN film cleaved from GaN bulk material. In some embodiments, this separated material may be employed as a template for further growth of semiconductor materials (e.g. GaN) that are useful for optoelectronic devices.

A photoconductive device that generates or detects terahertz radiation includes a semiconductor layer; a structure portion; and an electrode. The semiconductor layer has a thickness no less than a first propagation distance and no greater than a second propagation distance, the first propagation distance being a distance that the surface plasmon wave propagates through the semiconductor layer in a perpendicular direction of an interface between the semiconductor layer and the structure portion until an electric field intensity of the surface plasmon wave becomes 1/e times the electric field intensity of the surface plasmon wave at the interface, the second propagation distance being a distance that a terahertz wave having an optical phonon absorption frequency of the semiconductor layer propagates through the semiconductor layer in the perpendicular direction until an electric field intensity of the terahertz wave becomes 1/e.sup.2 times the electric field intensity of the terahertz wave at the interface.

In various embodiments, lighting systems include an electrically insulating carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are interconnected in parallel in a first direction and interconnected in series in a second direction different from the first direction.

Disclosed herein is a new and improved system and method for fabricating diamond films by first seeding a surface of a transparent substrate. A diamond layer that is at least one of nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline can be deposited upon the surface of the transparent substrate and both the diamond layer and the transparent substrate modified to incorporate substitutional atoms.

An optoelectronic device with a semiconductor body that includes: a bottom cathode structure, formed by a bottom semiconductor material, and having a first type of conductivity; and a buffer region, arranged on the bottom cathode structure and formed by a buffer semiconductor material different from the bottom semiconductor material. The optoelectronic device further includes: a receiver comprising a receiver anode region, which is formed by the bottom semiconductor material, has a second type of conductivity, and extends in the bottom cathode structure; and an emitter, which is arranged on the buffer region and includes a semiconductor junction formed at least in part by a top semiconductor material, different from the bottom semiconductor material.

An optoelectronic device with a semiconductor body that includes: a bottom cathode structure, formed by a bottom semiconductor material, and having a first type of conductivity; and a buffer region, arranged on the bottom cathode structure and formed by a buffer semiconductor material different from the bottom semiconductor material. The optoelectronic device further includes: a receiver comprising a receiver anode region, which is formed by the bottom semiconductor material, has a second type of conductivity, and extends in the bottom cathode structure; and an emitter, which is arranged on the buffer region and includes a semiconductor junction formed at least in part by a top semiconductor material, different from the bottom semiconductor material.