A biomass/iron-based organic framework composite and a preparation method and use thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: adding chitosan, an iron-based organic framework MIL-88(B), and a crosslinking agent to an acetic acid solution, thoroughly mixing, and heating in a water bath; and adding a mixed solution dropwise, and allowing a reaction to produce the biomass/iron-based organic framework composite. The biomass/iron-based organic framework composite prepared by the present disclosure has a phosphate adsorption capacity of 1.1 mmol/g, which is higher than the corresponding adsorption capacities of a pure iron-based organic framework material and a pure biomass-based material. Under the optimal adsorption pH condition, a loss of an iron-based organic framework material is less than 1%.

Methods of treating an aqueous source are described herein that include reducing a concentration of sulfide species in a stream obtained from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream obtained from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. Other methods describe treating an aqueous source by reducing a concentration of organic species in a stream derived from the aqueous source to form an extraction feed and extracting ions from the extraction feed, or a stream derived from the extraction feed, using direct aqueous extraction. The aqueous source can be an aqueous lithium source.

The present invention generally relates to a system and method for treating spent caustic effluent using chlorine dioxide solution. The system comprises a spent caustic storage tank for receiving spent caustic obtained from refinery operations; an acid storage container connected to the spent caustic storage tank for neutralizing free alkali content with a mineral acid to eliminate unwanted chemical reactions associated with free caustic present in spent caustic with ClO.sub.2; a heat exchanger unit engaged for reducing temperature of spent caustic to 35-45 C. from high temperature raised due to heat of neutralisation at least one of a cavitation (mixing) chamber or venturi mixing equipment mechanically connected downstream of the heat exchanger unit for adding ClO.sub.2 solution to the spent caustic solution to oxidize sulphide/thiols content for complete reduction of sulphide/mercaptane and reduction of 80-90% of COD.

A process for concentrating amine water is achieved by dehydrating the amine water by membrane distillation at a temperature ranging from 30 C. to 95 C. and at a pressure ranging from 1.0 bar to 1.5 absolute bar.

This invention relates to treated geothermal brine compositions containing reduced concentrations of lithium, iron and silica compared to the untreated brines. Exemplary compositions contain concentration of lithium ranges from 0 to 200 mg/kg, concentration of silica ranges from 0 to 30 mg/kg, concentration of iron ranges from 0 to 300 mg/kg. Exemplary compositions also contain reduced concentrations of elements like arsenic, barium, and lead.

A method for selective extraction of lithium from geothermal brines using host-guest complexes of host molecules such as calixarene, dendrimeric polymers, hyper-branched polymers, and/or acid-catalyzed resins complexed with synergists such as organic acids, condensation polymers, olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers, and/or chelants.

A system for producing magnesium chloride includes a removal unit, and a concentration unit that is connected to the removal unit. The removal unit generates feedstock water by removing sulfate ions and sodium ions from treatment target water having seawater as a feedstock. The concentration unit generates a slurry in which magnesium chloride is crystallized by concentrating the feedstock water. The removal unit has a first removal unit which reduces the sulfate ion concentration compared to the sulfate ion concentration in the treatment target water, and a second removal unit which reduces the sodium ion concentration compared to the sodium ion concentration in the treatment target water.

The present invention relates to a process for refinery wastewater treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to an automated process for treatment of refinery wastewater. The process of the present invention provides complete automation for controlling different critical parameters that enhance biological activity of activated sludge process (ASP) and helps in significant reduction in sludge recycling that increases the treatment efficiency.

The present invention discloses a straight-line sewage treatment system for enhanced treatment of low-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) domestic sewage, including a sewage intake tank, an enhanced denitrification tank through a pipeline, an effluent outlet of the enhanced denitrification tank, an effluent pipe, a first storage tank, a second storage tank, and a disinfection tank.

Provided are carbon dioxide capture composite particles which contribute to carbon neutrality by fixing carbon dioxide in seawater or an aqueous solution in which calcium ions are dissolved through mineralization, and a method of producing the same. More particularly, provided are carbon dioxide capture composite particles which capture carbon dioxide in seawater to form calcium carbonate particles, preferably aragonite type calcium carbonate, and a method of producing the same. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing carbon dioxide capture composite particles including: immersing polyamidoamine particles in seawater or an aqueous solution in which calcium ions are dissolved and maintaining the solution at room temperature under normal pressure to produce carbon dioxide capture composite particles in which aragonite type calcium carbonate particles are formed on a surface of the polyamidoamine particles is provided.