Compounds of formula (I) as inhibitors of DCN1 and compositions containing the same are disclosed. Methods of using the DCN1 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases and conditions wherein inhibition of DCN1 provides a benefit, like oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, metabolic disorders, and muscular nerve degeneration, also are disclosed. ##STR00001##

The disclosure pertains to methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition associated with and/or induced by soluble A-beta oligomer such as Alzheimer's disease by administering to a subject in need thereof conformation specific and/or selective antibodies or binding fragments thereof and related products.

The invention is directed to the use of at least one peptide of formula: X-(Xaa.sub.1).sub.n-Pro*-(Xaa.sub.2).sub.m-Y (I) With: n=0, 1 or 2; m=0 or 1 and if m=0 then n0 Xaa.sub.1 is: An hydrophobic aminoacid selected from Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V), Methionine (Met, M), Leucine (Leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P) and analogues and derivatives thereof; A polar aminoacid selected from Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Asparagine (Asn, N), Glutamine (Gln, Q) and analogues and derivatives thereof; or Glycine (Gly, G); When n=2 the two aminoacids Xaa.sub.1 can be the same or different; Xaa.sub.2 is: An hydrophobic aminoacid selected from Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V), Methionine (Met, M), Leucine (Leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P) and analogues and derivatives thereof; A basic aminoacid selected from Arginine (Arg, R), Lysine (Lys, K) and Histidine (His, H) and analogues and derivatives thereof; Glycine (Gly, G) or Serine (Ser, S); At the N terminal end of the peptide, X is selected from H, COR.sub.1 and SO.sub.2R.sub.1; At the C terminal end of the peptide, Y is selected from OH, OR.sub.1, NH.sub.2, NHR.sub.1 or NR.sub.1R.sub.2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being independently from each other, selected from an alkyle, aryle, aralkyle, alkylaryl, alkoxy and aryloxy group, that can be linear, branched, cyclic, poly-cyclic, non-saturated, hydroxylated, carbonylated, phosphorylated and/or sulphured, with the possibility to have in said group skeleton a O, S and/or N heteroatom; Pro* corresponding to a Proline, an analogue or derivative thereof; Excluding the peptides where X=H and Y=OH, for a non therapeutical cosmetic pro-pigmenting treatment of skin. The invention also encompasses new tripeptides of formula (I) suitable for a non therapeutical cosmetic treatment of skin.

This invention is related to the field of hypercholesterolemia. In particular, the invention provides compositions and methods to modulate circulating levels of low density lipoproteins by altering the conformation of the protein PCSK9 using synthetic ligands and/or synthetic ligand derivative sequences of 3-8 amino acids ranging between 350-2,000 Da. Altering the conformation of PCSK9 affects the interaction between PCSK9 and an endogenous low density lipoprotein receptor, and can lead to reduced or increased levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol. High LDL-cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk for heart disease. Low LDL-cholesterol levels may be problematic in other conditions, such as liver dysfunction; thus, there is also utility for ligands which can raise LDL levels.

Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of diseases and disorders, such as learning, cognitive activities, and analgesia, particularly in alleviating and/or reducing neuropathic pain. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.

Neuropeptide S receptor agonists are provided. The NPS agonists include trimeric, tetrameric, pentameric or hexameric peptidomimetic analogs exhibiting affinity for and activity at the neuropeptide S receptor. The peptidomimetic molecules may be useful in the treatment of disorders, syndromes and conditions mediated by modulation of the neuropeptide S receptor such as substance abuse, narcolepsy, insomnia, obesity, cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, panic disorder, generalized anxiety, PTSD, phobias, schizophrenia and as supportive medication during any kind of cessation program in cognitive behavioral therapy, such as drug addiction, eating disorders and gambling.

A water-soluble peptide fluorescence material having a structure of formula (I):

##STR00001##

In formula (I), n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, R.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen or a nitrogen-containing functional group, R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, and A.sub.1 is polymerized by at least one amino acid monomer and having a structure of formula (II):

##STR00002##

In formula (II), m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and R.sub.3 in each of the amino acid monomers of A.sub.1 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkylthioaalkyl, hydroxyaralky, heteroaralkyl, carboxylalkyl, or guanidinylalkyl. A.sub.2 is OR.sub.5 or N(R.sub.4).sub.2, and R.sub.4 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkylthioaalkyl, hydroxyaralky, heteroaralkyl, carboxylalkyl, guanidinylalkyl, monoglycosyl, biglycosyl, or oligosaccharyl, and R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkylthioaalkyl, hydroxyaralky, heteroaralkyl, carboxylalkyl, or guanidinylalkyl.

Provided herein are tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of diseases including inflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

Disclosed herein are transfection complexes comprising at least one cell surface ligand; at least one helper lipid component; and a transfection enhancer. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the disclosed transfection complexes, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Further, disclosed are methods of transfecting a cell, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining a transfection complex as disclosed; and contacting a cell with the transfection complex.

The present invention provides a compound of Formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and subscripts x and n are as described herein and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more said compounds, and methods for using said compounds for the treatment, inhibition, or amelioration of one or more disease states that could benefit from inhibition of a coronavirus, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The compounds of this invention could further be used in combination with other therapeutically effective agents, including but not limited to, other drugs useful for the treatment of coronavirus infection. The invention furthermore relates to processes for preparing compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutical compositions which comprise compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.