Compounds of Formula (I)a or (I)b:

##STR00001##

including certain quinone derivatives, and the corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, which may serve to modulate ferroptosis in a subject. Also disclosed herein are the preparations of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions and their potential uses in the manufacture of a medicament in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell and for preventing, treating, ameliorating certain related disorder or a disease.

The present invention provides a process for the liquid phase synthesis of the Ghrelin analog H-Inp-(D)Bal-(D)Trp-Phe-Apc-NH.sub.2 (SEQ ID NO: 1, Formula (I)), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The present invention provides bivalent and multivalent ligands with a view to improving the affinity and pharmacokinetic properties of a urea class of PSMA inhibitors. The compounds and their synthesis can be generalized to multivalent compounds of other target antigens. Because they present multiple copies of the pharmacophore, multivalent ligands can bind to receptors with high avidity and affinity, thereby serving as powerful inhibitors. The modular multivalent scaffolds of the present invention, in one or more embodiments, contains a lysine-based (-, -) dialkyne residue for incorporating two or more antigen binding moieties, such as PSMA binding Lys-Glu urea moieties, exploiting click chemistry and one or more additional lysine residues for subsequent modification with an imaging and/or therapeutic nuclides or a cytotoxic ligands for tumor cell killing.

Provided herein are tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of diseases including inflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof which are useful as inhibitors of proteasomes. The compounds provided herein have improved proteasome potency and selectivity, and increased aqueous solubility, and are useful in treating various conditions or diseases associated with proteasomes.

A peptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Hyp-Gly, Hyp-Gly-Pro, Leu-Hyp, Glu-Hyp, Gly-Pro-Hyp, Pro-Ala, Hyp-Gly and Pro-Hyp, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a myoblast differentiation promoting effect superior to conventional arts.

Compounds of formula (I) as inhibitors of DCN1 and compositions containing the same are disclosed. Methods of using the DCN1 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases and conditions wherein inhibition of DCN1 provides a benefit, like oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions, neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, metabolic disorders, and muscular nerve degeneration, also are disclosed.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof which are useful as inhibitors of proteasomes. The compounds provided herein have improved proteasome potency and selectivity, and increased aqueous solubility, and are useful in treating various conditions or diseases associated with proteasomes.

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or conditions comprising administration of a therapeutic biological molecule, and/or naturally or artificially occurring derivatives, analogues, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, alone or in combination with one or more active agents (e.g., an aromatic-cationic peptide). The present technology provides compositions related to aromatic-cationic peptides linked to a therapeutic biological molecule and uses of the same. In some embodiments, the aromatic-cationic peptide comprises 2,6-dimethyl-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH.sub.2, Phe-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH.sub.2, or D-Arg-2,6-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH.sub.2.

The present invention relates to a compound simultaneously having triple activities of thrombolysis, antithrombosis and free radical scavenging, as well as the preparation method, composition, and applications thereof. The compound is represented by the formula I shown below:

##STR00001##

wherein the definitions of T, Q, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are described herein. The compound of the present invention simultaneously has triple functions of thrombolysis, free radical scavenging and thrombus-targeting/antithrombosis. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, and a preparation method and a nanostructure of the compound.