Photodetectors, methods of fabricating the same, and methods using the same to detect radiation are described. A photodetector can include a first electrode, a light sensitizing layer, an electron blocking/tunnelling layer, and a second electrode. Infrared-to-visible upconversion devices, methods of fabricating the same, and methods using the same to detect radiation are also described. An Infrared-to-visible upconversion device can include a photodetector and an OLDE coupled to the photodetector.

Monolithic tandem chalcopyrite-perovskite photovoltaic devices and techniques for formation thereof are provided. In one aspect, a tandem photovoltaic device is provided. The tandem photovoltaic device includes a substrate; a bottom solar cell on the substrate, the bottom solar cell having a first absorber layer that includes a chalcopyrite material; and a top solar cell monolithically integrated with the bottom solar cell, the top solar cell having a second absorber layer that includes a perovskite material. A monolithic tandem photovoltaic device and method of formation thereof are also provided.

Hybrid transparent conducting materials are disclosed with combine a polycrystalline film and conductive nanostructures, in which the polycrystalline film is percolation doped with the conductive nanostructures. The polycrystalline film preferably is a single atomic layer thickness of polycrystalline graphene, and conductive nanostructures preferably are silver nanowires.

Methods and apparatus for manufacturing a conductive thin film are provided. In one arrangement, compositions of nanowires having different mean aspect ratios are mixed together and applied as a layer on a substrate. In other arrangements a single composition of nanowires is processed in order to increase an aspect ratio variance and the processed composition is applied as a layer on a substrate. The layers thus applied provide an improved balance of electrical conductivity to transparency and are expected to provide improved isotropy in the inplane conductivity.

A base material with a transparent conductive film on or above the base material is provided. The transparent conductive film includes a conductive layer; and a protective layer being located on a side of the conductive layer and containing a first resin, the side not opposing to the base material. The transparent conductive film includes a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion in a plan view. The conductive layer contains no metal wires in the conductive portion or contains less metal wires per unit area in the non-conductive portion than the conductive layer contains the metal wires per unit area in the conductive portion. The protective layer contains a particle in the conductive portion, and includes an aperture penetrating the first resin in a thickness direction in the non-conductive portion. The particle is soluble in an acidic etching solution, and the first resin is resistant to the acidic etching solution.

A transparent conductor includes a metallic glass, and a method of manufacturing a transparent conductor includes: preparing a metallic glass or a mixture comprising the metallic glass; and firing the metallic glass or the mixture comprising the metallic glass at a predetermined temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the metallic glass.

The technique relates to a method for preparing a nanomesh metal membrane 5 transferable on a very wide variety of supports of different types and shapes comprising at least one step of de-alloying 1 a thin layer 6 of a metal alloy deposited on a substrate 7, said method being characterized in that said thin layer 6 has a thickness less than 100 nm, and in that said de-alloying step 1 is carried out by exposing said thin layer 6 to an acid vapor in the gas phase 8, in order to form said nanomesh metal membrane 5.

The present disclosure relates to OLED and PV devices including transparent electrodes that are formed of conductive nanostructures and methods of improving light out-coupling in OLED and input-coupling in PV devices.

A solar cell including at least a first layer made of a semiconductor material for absorbing photons from light radiation and releasing charge carriers, and at least one conductive layer, overlapping the first layer, adapted to allow the light radiation to enter into the solar cell towards the first layer and to collect the charge carriers released by the first layer, the solar cell where the conductive layer includes at least three overlapped layers, including a transparent intermediate metal layer, made of metal, and two transparent oxide layers, made of a conductive oxide, where the two oxide layers are an inner oxide layer and an outer oxide layer surrounding the transparent intermediate metal layer to provide a low resistance path for the electrical charges and to maximize the amount of light radiation entering the solar cell. The embodiments also include a solar cells module including said solar cell.

A high transmittance thin film solar panel includes a transparent substrate, a front electrode layer, a light absorption layer and a rear electrode layer. The light absorption layer is formed with opening patterns with the same width at positions aligned correspondingly to form at least one first opening trench, a plurality of second opening trenches with continuously and periodically sinusoidal-wave shape, and a plurality of third opening trenches parallel to, interlace with or superpose the second opening trenches, and extend in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the first opening trench. The high transmittance thin film solar panel of the present invention is mainly used for green buildings. The opening trenches of the high transmittance thin film solar panel are formed in a manner of curve shape by an oscillating laser head, and can enhance the transmittance by more than about 3% in comparison with the conventional one.