An improved, gaseous electrolysis apparatus can include a cooled header for electric connections or couplings, an exemplary co-disposed, coaxial heat exchanger around the reaction chamber to extract heat from the reaction chamber and exemplary rugged gas source and collection manifold(s) to support fixed and/or mobile applications in an embodiment. The system can include a heated anode and co-disposed cylindrical cathode within the reaction chamber and an improved electronic control circuit in an embodiment.

A rotating disk electrode cell has a housing with a reservoir configured to receive a sample for an electrochemical experiment. A shaft is positioned in the housing such that the shaft is free to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the shaft and such that both ends of the shaft are located inside of the housing.

The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for producing particularly a hydrogel (200) and for controlling an enzymatically catalyzed formation of a covalent bond in a solution, wherein said covalent bond is formed between a first compound (20) comprising a first moiety (21) and a second compound (22) comprising a second moiety (23), wherein the first and the second moiety (21, 23) are a substrate of an enzyme wherein said enzyme catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the first and the second moiety (21, 23), and wherein a voltage is applied to the solution for spatially controlling said formation, wherein said voltage is adjusted such that it induces electrolysis of said solution.

A composite cell plate can include a polymer element laterally mated and interlocked, at a plurality of engagement points, with a resilient metal element. The cell plate can be used in an electrochemical cell. A method of forming a cell plate can include fitting a polymer element to a resilient metal element at a plurality of engagement points, and expanding the polymer of the polymer element such that the polymer element and the resilient metal element engage and interlock at the engagement points.

An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccatting device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount voltage and or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.

A method and a system for preparing a safe high heating value fuel gas. In the method, the hydrogen, oxygen and water generated by means of electrolysis are formed into molecular groups by means of hydrogen bond resonance within water molecules. The molecular groups are reformed by using a reforming liquid to obtain a high heating value fuel gas, wherein the reforming liquid comprises hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.2x+2 and/or hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.2x+2O. The high heating value fuel gas prepared by the aforementioned method is safe, easily stored, high in heating value while having no impact on the environment.

The invention concerns an electrolytic reactor, in particular for separating phosphate from phosphate-containing liquids and recovering phosphate salts, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the liquid and two electrodes of different polarity, which enclose a reactor chamber between them, whereby at least one of the two electrodes is a sacrificial electrode and consists of a magnesium-containing material, whereby the sacrificial electrode is constructed of trapezoid bars which have a first and a second upper surface, whereby the first upper surface is smaller than the second upper surface, and whereby four lateral surfaces connect the first upper surface with the second upper surface.

The invention concerns an electrolytic reactor, in particular for separating phosphate from phosphate-containing liquids and recovering phosphate salts, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the liquid and two electrodes of different polarity, which enclose a reactor chamber between them, whereby at least one of the two electrodes is a sacrificial electrode, whereby between the inlet and the reaction chamber a pre-chamber is provided in which the inserts are arranged such that the inlet stream is divided by the inserts into two partial streams and directed around the inserts.

An electrolysis mechanism for deployment in a reservoir of water, the electrolysis system having at least one rotating cathode mounted on an axle and configured to rotate during an electrolysis process, at least one stationary cathode cleaning element deployed so as to contact a face of the rotating cathode such that during the electrolysis process as the rotating cathode, rotates scale buildup on the rotating cathode is removed and at least one stationary anode deployed adjacent to the rotating cathode. A preferred embodiment of which includes a plurality of spaced apart rotating cathodes; a plurality of stationary cathode cleaning elements with one stationary cathode cleaning element deployed in each space between the rotating cathodes so as to contact a face of each of the rotating cathodes it is deployed between; and a plurality of stationary anodes such that at least one of stationary anode is deployed in each of the spaces between the rotating cathodes.

An electrochemical reaction device, comprises: an anode to oxidize a first substance; a first flow path facing on the anode and through which a liquid containing the first substance flows; a cathode to reduce a second substance; a second flow path facing on the cathode and through which a gas containing the second substance flows; a porous separator provided between the anode and the cathode; and a power supply connected to the anode and the cathode. A thickness of the porous separator is 1 m or more and 500 m or less. An average fine pore size of the porous separator is larger than 0.008 m and smaller than 0.45 m. A porosity of the porous separator is higher than 0.5.