Provided is a method for preparing a solution B comprising at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, comprising at least the following steps of (A) providing a solution A comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one first solvent, (B) treating the solution A from step (A) with activated carbon, (C) removing the activated carbon from the solution A, and (D) exchanging the at least one first solvent in solution A for at least one second solvent in order to obtain the solution B comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, to a solution of at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, obtainable by the method according to the invention, to the use of this solution for preparing a composition comprising the at least one catalyst, the at least one second solvent, at least one polyisocyanate and at least one NCO-reactive compound, to the use of this composition for producing a single-layered or multi-layered coating system and a corresponding process.

Provided is a method for preparing a solution B comprising at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, comprising at least the following steps of (A) providing a solution A comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one first solvent, (B) treating the solution A from step (A) with activated carbon, (C) removing the activated carbon from the solution A, and (D) exchanging the at least one first solvent in solution A for at least one second solvent in order to obtain the solution B comprising the at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, to a solution of at least one catalyst in at least one second solvent, obtainable by the method according to the invention, to the use of this solution for preparing a composition comprising the at least one catalyst, the at least one second solvent, at least one polyisocyanate and at least one NCO-reactive compound, to the use of this composition for producing a single-layered or multi-layered coating system and a corresponding process.

The present invention provides a catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates comprising: a pre-catalyst, which is BiCl.sub.3 having amounts in the range from 5 to 10% by weight of silica support; a compound having formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein: Y is selected from bromide (Br.sup.−) or iodide (I.sup.−); R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are methyl group or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are taken together to form a heteroaryl ring having formula (II)

##STR00002##

and a silica (SiO.sub.2) support.

The present invention provides a catalyst system for producing cyclic carbonates comprising: a pre-catalyst, which is BiCl.sub.3 having amounts in the range from 5 to 10% by weight of silica support; a compound having formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein: Y is selected from bromide (Br.sup.−) or iodide (I.sup.−); R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are methyl group or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are taken together to form a heteroaryl ring having formula (II)

##STR00002##

and a silica (SiO.sub.2) support.

An apparatus to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant into a gaseous product and a solid product includes a reactor volume, a reservoir of liquid material, a plurality of nozzles connected to the reservoir of liquid material, the plurality of nozzles configured to distribute the liquid material into the reactor volume from the reservoir as a liquid mist, a gas inlet connected to a hydrocarbon gas source to receive hydrocarbon gas reactant, a distributor connected to the inlet to distribute the hydrocarbon gas reactant into the reactor volume, a heat source located adjacent the reactor volume configured to heat the reactor volume, a separator to separate the solid product from the liquid material, a re-circulation path connected between the reactor volume and the reservoir to re-circulate the liquid material from the reactor volume to the reservoir, a gas outlet connected to the reactor volume configured to outlet hydrogen gas from the reactor volume, and at least one filter connected to the gas outlet to remove entrained solid product from the hydrogen gas.

An apparatus to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant into a gaseous product and a solid product includes a reactor volume, a reservoir of liquid material, a plurality of nozzles connected to the reservoir of liquid material, the plurality of nozzles configured to distribute the liquid material into the reactor volume from the reservoir as a liquid mist, a gas inlet connected to a hydrocarbon gas source to receive hydrocarbon gas reactant, a distributor connected to the inlet to distribute the hydrocarbon gas reactant into the reactor volume, a heat source located adjacent the reactor volume configured to heat the reactor volume, a separator to separate the solid product from the liquid material, a re-circulation path connected between the reactor volume and the reservoir to re-circulate the liquid material from the reactor volume to the reservoir, a gas outlet connected to the reactor volume configured to outlet hydrogen gas from the reactor volume, and at least one filter connected to the gas outlet to remove entrained solid product from the hydrogen gas.

A method to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant into a gaseous product and a solid product includes generating a mist of a liquid material within a reactor volume, heating the reactor volume, introducing a hydrocarbon reactant into the reactor volume to produce a solid product and a gaseous product, separating the solid product from the liquid material, removing the solid product and gaseous product from the reactor volume, and recirculating the liquid material be re-introduced to the reactor volume.

A method to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant into a gaseous product and a solid product includes generating a mist of a liquid material within a reactor volume, heating the reactor volume, introducing a hydrocarbon reactant into the reactor volume to produce a solid product and a gaseous product, separating the solid product from the liquid material, removing the solid product and gaseous product from the reactor volume, and recirculating the liquid material be re-introduced to the reactor volume.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction and physical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane and other hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific properties of selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more general reactions.