Active or functional additives are embedded into surfaces of host materials for use as components in a variety of electronic or optoelectronic devices, including solar devices, smart windows, displays, and so forth. Resulting surface-embedded device components provide improved performance, as well as cost benefits arising from their compositions and manufacturing processes.

A solar cell module includes solar cells. encapsulants are layered on surfaces of the solar cells. A glass substrate is layered on the encapsulants. The solar cell module further includes an epoxy resin-containing member. Each encapsulant includes the ultraviolet ray-absorbing member. The ultraviolet ray-absorbing member sets the transmittance to 1% or less at the wavelengths ranging from 300 to 360 nm.

The present invention relates to fluorescent, benzotriazole-containing dye compounds, which possess high processability, desirable optical characteristics and good photostability, while suppressing the formation of a precipitate, and to dye polymers comprising the same. The present invention further relates to a wavelength-converting encapsulant composition comprising said dye polymer and to a photovoltaic module, which comprises a layer comprising said wavelength-converting encapsulant. The polymer fluorescent benzotriazole-containing dye compound is represented by general formula (I):

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where the variables are defined in the specification.

A semiconductor device includes an active region disposed in a semiconductor substrate and an uppermost metal level including metal lines, where the uppermost metal level is disposed over the semiconductor substrate. Contact pads are disposed at a major surface of the semiconductor device, where the contact pads are coupled to the metal lines in the uppermost metal level. An isolation region separates the contact pads disposed at the major surface. Adjacent contact pads are electrically isolated from one another by a portion of the isolation region. Reflective structures are disposed between the upper metal level and the contact pads, where each of the reflective structures that is directly over the active region completely overlaps an associated portion of the isolation region separating the contact pad.

A module structure is provided, which includes a front sheet, a back sheet opposite the front sheet, and a solar cell disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first encapsulate film is disposed between the solar cell and the front sheet, and a second encapsulate film disposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. One or both of the front sheet and the second sheet includes a support layer and a light conversion layer on the support layer, wherein the light conversion layer includes a fluorescent molecule and hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin. The light conversion layer is disposed between the support layer and the solar cell.

A CCM substrate (1) includes as a light-emitting layer on a substrate (11) a red conversion layer (142), a green conversion layer (152), and a light scattering layer (162); a bank (13) which stands on the substrate (11), and partitions the light-emitting layer; and a light-transmission suppressing layer (10) which is formed on at least a portion of a side surface (13a) of the bank (13) which is a surface facing the light-emitting layer, and suppresses light transmission between the light-emitting layers (the red conversion layer (142), the green conversion layer (152), and the light scattering layer (162)) with the bank (13) interposed therebetween by causing the light to be reflected or scattered, in which the light-transmission suppressing layer (10) is comprising metal or metal salt, and the bank (13) has a group, an ion, or a molecule for immobilizing the metal or metal ion.

Process for the impregnation of a polymer substrate including at least one polymer, which comprises putting said polymer substrate in contact with at least one aqueous emulsion, preferably an aqueous microemulsion, including at least one organic additive. The impregnated polymer substrate obtained from said process can be advantageously used for obtaining polymer end-products having improved aesthetic characteristics (for example, impregnation with at least one dye) or stability characteristics (for example, impregnation with at least one stabilizer), which can be used in various fields such as, for example, the optical field (e.g., advanced optical components, laser applications), the medical field (e.g., the release of pharmaceutical substances), the agricultural field (e.g., release of pesticides), fragrances (e.g., release of fragrances). More specifically, said polymer substrate can be used in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) which, in their turn, can be advantageously used together, for example, with photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), or photoelectrolytic cells, in solar devices (i.e. devices for exploiting solar energy). Furthermore, said luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can be advantageously used together, for example, with photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), in photovoltaic windows.

There is provided a metal-based particle assembly comprising 30 or more metal-based particles separated from each other and disposed in two dimensions, the metal-based particles having an average particle diameter in a range of from 200 to 1600 nm, an average height in a range of from 55 to 500 nm, and an aspect ratio, as defined by a ratio of the average particle diameter to the average height, in a range of from 1 to 8, wherein the metal-based particles are disposed such that an average distance between adjacent metal-based particles may be in a range of from 1 to 150 nm. This metal-based particle assembly presents significantly intense plasmon resonance and also allows plasmon resonance to have an effect over a range extended to a significantly large distance.

A nanoparticle coater includes a housing; a nanoparticle discharge slot; a first combustion slot; and a second combustion slot.

A float bath coating system includes at least one nanoparticle coater located in a float bath. The at least one nanoparticle coater includes a housing, a nanoparticle discharge slot, a first combustion slot, and a second combustion slot. The nanoparticle discharge slot is connected to a nanoparticle source and a carrier fluid source. The first combustion slot is connected to a fuel source and an oxidizer source. The second combustion slot is connected to a fuel source and an oxidizer source.