Aqueous film forming firefighting composition concentrates are provided that contain an effective amount of a monomeric zwitterionic or anionic C.sub.6 perfluoroalkyl surfactant having a molecule weight less than 800 daltons. The compositions also contain an effective amount of a foam stabilizing agent, and an effective amount of at least one non-fluorinated surfactant. The composition has less than 0.8% F, and is substantially free of any surfactant containing a perfluoroalkyl group containing more than 6 carbon atoms. The composition meets Military Specification MIL-F-24385F.

The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

A system for explosively applying a fire-fighting foam is provided. The system includes a thermoelectric generator that is attached to a battery heat source. A temperature differential across the thermoelectric generator generates an electrical current having a temperature-dependent voltage. A detonator circuit is electrically connected to the thermoelectric generator. The detonator circuit measures the voltage of the electrical current. An explosive foam applicator is communicatively connected to the detonator circuit and includes a trigger mechanism that detonates a propelling charge in response to receiving a signal from the detonator circuit when the detonator circuit determines that the electrical current corresponds to temperature that is greater than or equal to a threshold temperature. The explosive foam applicator is oriented such that detonating the propelling the charge causes the explosive foam applicator to apply a foam to the battery heat source.

An apparatus for automatically generating a fire-fighting foam at elevated temperatures is provided. The apparatus includes a container sized to hold at least one battery. Water is stored within the container. One or more cartridges made, at least in part, of a temperature-dependent breakdown material are stored within the container. The one or more cartridges contain a foaming agent. Heat generated by a failing battery causes the temperature-dependent breakdown material to fail such that the foaming agent is released from at least one cartridge to mix with the water stored within the container.

The invention relates to fire-extinguishing foams or concentrates, which include a carbohydrate containing silane surfactant.

A foam stabilizing composition includes a silane surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and water. The foam stabilizing composition is useful for preparing a firefighting foam.

A foam stabilizing composition includes a) metal salt; b) a siloxane cationic surfactant and c) a cationic surfactant. The siloxane cationic surfactant includes a cationic moiety having the formula Z.sup.1-D.sup.1N(Y).sub.a(R)2-.sub.a, where Z.sup.1 is a siloxane moiety, D.sup.1 is a divalent linking group, R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, subscript a is 1 or 2, and each Y has formula -D-NR.sup.1.sub.3.sup.+, where D is a divalent linking group and each R.sup.1 is independently an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A firefighting includes the foam stabilizing composition and water. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

A firefighting foam concentrate having a sugar component including a monosaccharide sugar, a sugar alcohol, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and a suspension agent including microfibrillated cellulose and an oligosaccharide, a polysaccharide, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; wherein the composition is substantially free of fluorinated compounds.

A method of fighting a fire includes aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an areated firefighting foam; administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid; wherein: the firefighting foam composition includes a sugar component comprising at least about 50 wt. % of a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant; and a suspension agent comprising microfibrillated cellulose.

A method of fighting a fire, the method includes aerating a firefighting foam composition to form an aerated firefighting foam; administering the aerated firefighting foam to a fire or applying the aerated firefighting foam to a surface of a volatile flammable liquid; wherein: the firefighting foam composition includes a sugar component comprising a monosaccharide sugar, a sugar alcohol, or a combination thereof; a polysaccharide thickener; a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant or a mixture of any two or more thereof; a water-miscible organic solvent; and at least about 30 wt. % water.