There is provided a communication device in a communication system in which a plurality of communication devices are coupled in series, the communication device including: a memory; a processor coupled with the memory and the processor configured to: receive a control signal included in a signal transmitted from a first communication device of the plurality of communication devices, control an output band in which the communication device transmits the signal, based on a weight value included in the control signal received, update the weight value, and transmit the signal including the control signal including the weight value updated, to a second communication device of the plurality of communication devices through the output band controlled.

There is included a method and apparatus comprising computer code configured to cause a processor or processors to perform obtaining video data, creating, based on the video data, a timed metadata track indicating a segment bandwidth and comprising information of a plurality of aligned segments of a media adaptation set such that duration information and size information of each of the aligned segments is included in at least one metadata sample, switching to one of a plurality of representations of the video data based whether the timed metadata track indicates at least an overflow to an input buffer per each of the plurality of representations, and delivering the one of the plurality of representations to a client.

There is provided a method for adaptive bitrate (ABR) adjustments in an IP network before making upshift of ABR level of media streams like video for live Over the Top (OTT) distribution. The invention is based on before upshifting of a current ABR level to a higher ABR level for one or more client devices, probing the network system with a higher bitrate of the data stream provided by e.g. replicating data in the data stream, and monitoring network conditions during probing. Based on the probing it is determined if the available resources in the network are sufficient to sustain an upshift of ABR-level for the client device.

This invention discloses a method for controlling a wireless communication device to reduce the number of retry times of data packets during transmission. The method includes steps of: using a first packet length to generate and transmit data packets; counting retry times of data packets in a predetermined time period and generating a result accordingly; and using a second packet length smaller than said first packet length to generate and transmit data packets when said result is greater than a predetermined value.

The present disclosure provides a method, apparatus and computer program product for determining a data transfer manner. The method comprises determining a first transfer completion time for transferring a data block from a first device to a second device without compression; determining a second transfer completion time for transferring the data block from the first device to the second device with the compression performed; and selecting, based on a comparison of the first and second transfer completion time, a transfer manner for the data block from a first transfer manner comprising compressing the data block and transferring the compressed data block and a second transfer manner of directly transferring the data block without compression. Through the embodiments, compressing and uncompressing are evaluated based on the transfer completion time before data transfer, so as to select a transfer manner suitable for data to be transferred and for devices that perform data transfer.

An apparatus is disclosed to compress packets, the apparatus comprising; a data analyzer to identify a new destination address and a protocol identifier of an input packet corresponding to a new destination node and a communication system between the new destination node and a source node; a compression engine to utilize a plurality of compression functions based on the new destination address and the protocol identifier and reduce a size of the input packet; a compression analyzer to identify a reduced packet and a compression function identifier corresponding to the reduced packet, the compression function identifier associated with one of the compression functions; and a source modifier to construct a packet to include the compression function identifier by modifying unregistered values of a protocol identifier by a difference associated with the compression function identifier, the packet to inform the new destination node of a compression function.

A method is performed by a network element (NE) in a network implementing an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). The method comprises generating a message comprising a header and data, wherein the header comprises a length of the data prior to compressing the data, a length of the data after compressing the data, and a compression identifier, compressing the data based on a compression scheme identified by the compression identifier to obtain compressed data, and forwarding a compressed message comprising the header and the compressed data to another NE in the network

Embodiments provide a method for transmitting a service stream in a flexible Ethernet and an apparatus. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-transmitted service stream, where the service stream is to be transmitted by using a target virtual connection supported by a physical connection group between a transmit end and a receive end, the physical connection group includes multiple physical connections and supports at least one virtual connection, and the target virtual connection is any one of the at least one virtual connection; determining, from total bandwidth resources of the multiple physical connections and according to timeslot configuration tables used by the multiple physical connections, a timeslot bandwidth resource that belongs to the target virtual connection; and transmitting the service stream to the receive end by using the timeslot bandwidth resource that belongs to the target virtual connection.

Disclosed are systems and methods for managing computing resources for a remote session that has been established between a client and a remote server via a communication channel. Such a remote session is configured to automatically adapt image quality of the remote session based on a network status of the communication channel. The described technique includes detecting an inactive state of the remote session, and in turn, modifying at least one network setting of the client using a network shaping rule specified to artificially reduce a network quality of the communication channel used by the client for traffic of the remote session, so as to cause the client to reduce image quality of the remote session and reduce an amount of data exchanged between the remote server and the client.

For each target cell determined by a handover decision process, a first message is transmitted from a source base station (20S) to a target base station (20T) servicing that target cell. The first message includes an identifier of a wireless device (10) having a communication link with the source base station and information for obtaining authentication data for this wireless device. The authentication data depends on a secret key available to the wireless device and the source base station and on an identity of the target cell. Upon failure of the communication link, a cell is selected at the wireless device, which transmits to that cell a reestablishment request message including its identifier and authentication data depending on the secret key and on an identity of the selected cell. If the selected cell is a target cell serviced by a target base station that received a first message, conformity of the authentication data included in the reestablishment request message with the authentication data obtained from this first message is verified to authorize transfer of the communication link to the selected cell.