A method for access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) in a network and a network entity for performing the method are disclosed. When the execution of the ATSSS from the first access network to the second access network is determined, a first message requesting the SMF to confirm the connection state of the terminals for the first access network and the second access network may be transmitted to AMF. The SMF may receive information on the connection state of the terminal from the AMF.

This application provides a method and apparatus for controlling traffic steering and a communications system. In an implementation of the method for controlling traffic steering, the method is applicable to an RAN node and includes: traffic steering indication information is determined; and the traffic steering indication information is transmitted to UE, so that the UE steers corresponding traffic to a traffic steering target according to the traffic steering indication information. With the method, load balance between 3GPP RAN and WLAN at an RAN level may be ensured, and in comparison with an existing mechanism, user experiences and system performance are improved.

An Open Radio Access Network (OpenRAN) system is presented. In one embodiment the OpenRAN includes a plurality of software defined radios (SDRs), a Data Unit (DU) in communication with at least one SDR, a Control Unit (CU) in communication with at least one SDR, and a Virtualized Baseband Radio Unit (VBBU) in communication with at least one SDR, wherein different option splits are provided based on morphology and infrastructure availability of the OpenRAN.

A load balancing method which includes a first radio access network node that receives load information of a first load type of a second radio access network node, where the first load type includes any one or more of the following: a network slice load, V2X load, and SUL load; and the first radio access network node obtains the load information of the first load type, so that load balancing can be performed based on a load status of a network slice, a load status of a V2X service, or a load status of a UL/SUL.

The present disclosure provides a secondary cell group (SCG) maintenance method, a terminal device and a network node. The SCG maintenance method includes: receiving conditional SCG change information transmitted by a network node; evaluating, according to the conditional SCG change information, whether one or more target cells of an SCG meet a condition corresponding to triggering target cell change, to obtain an evaluation result; according to the evaluation result, triggering a SCG target cell changing procedure.

A method and an apparatus for accessing a WI-FI network supporting a terminal in being coupled to two or more WI-FI networks at the same time, and therefore, WI-FI network is applied in a safer and more fluent manner. The method is applied to a terminal, the terminal includes N WI-FI access circuits and at least one processor, the at least one processor is configured to run a software program to form M containers, one container may be equivalent to one operating system, switch operation may be performed between different containers, each container corresponds to one WI-FI network access service, the M containers are capable of operating at the same time, tasks and data of different WI-FI network access services during operation of different containers are mutually isolated, and M and N are natural numbers greater than or equal to two.

Methods, systems, and computer readable media may be operable to facilitate station steering based upon computed channel impact. A channel impact of moving a station to one or more different link points within a WLAN may be calculated, and based upon the calculated channel impacts, the station may be steered to a certain link point. Using the calculated channel impacts, one or more stations may be selected for removal from an overloaded link point, a new link point may be selected for association with a station, and a determination may be made whether other WLAN changes may cause a backhaul or fronthaul channel utilization to exceed a corresponding threshold.

According to one embodiment, a system and computer-readable storage medium for storage of software directed to the management of associations between network devices is described. The computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one hardware processor on a network device, causes performance of operations, comprising: (1) determining a desired operating state for a client device under analysis, the client device being associated with a first network device of a plurality of network devices; (2) detecting if a triggering event has occurred based on a comparison of the desired operating state for the client device under analysis to an actual operating state for the client device under analysis; and (3) in response to detecting that the triggering event has occurred, causing the client device to wirelessly connect to a second network device of the plurality of network devices in lieu of the first network device.

An apparatus for accessing a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network, including a Wi-Fi processor and N Wi-Fi access circuits. N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The Wi-Fi processor is shared by the N Wi-Fi access circuits and implements an operation function related to Wi-Fi. The N Wi-Fi access circuits receives and transmits data at a same time through N Wi-Fi networks that operate on different radio frequency bands. Each Wi-Fi access circuit of the Wi-Fi access circuits comprises a Media Access Control (MAC) hardware and a physical layer (PHY) hardware.

Systems and methods of providing V2X communications are generally described. The multimode UE communicates V2X messages with an eNB. The eNB detects whether the UE is able to receive messages from a nearby DSRC RSU based on measurements received from the UE and reported to the eNB. Based on the measurements, the eNB offloads V2X traffic to the DSRC RSU and triggers the UE to start communicating the V2X services from the DSRC RSU rather than the eNB. The measurements are reported in a BSR or DSRC MAC control element or RRC measurement report. The measurement report includes DSRC presence fields, CCH measurements and SCH measurements for each DSRC RSU that the UE is able to detect.