A computerized system for performing preparation operations for a maintenance activity that causes a disruption in a communication path of traffic over a multi-layer network. The system comprising: a maintenance tool configured to coordinate maintenance activities of the multi-layer network based on maintenance activity data, a storage unit to store the maintenance activity data; and a multi-layer control system comprising a processor, wherein said processor is configured to: receive from the maintenance tool an indication that one or more maintenance activities are required on an indicated optical resource, determine an affected optical path, determine an affected IP link utilizing said affected optical path; remove traffic from the affected IP link; remove the affected optical path; activate an alternative optical path; configure the packet switching layer to utilize the alternative optical path; and repeat for each affected optical path and each affected IP link.

A method for retrieving content by processing a user request received by a first device identifying other devices in proximity to the first device, and retrieving content related to the user request from the other devices based on one or more menu trees.

A system includes a plurality of communication apparatuses grouped into groups, a delivery apparatus that delivers content to the communication apparatuses that belong to the groups, and a communication control apparatus that performs grouping. The communication control apparatus groups the plurality of communication apparatuses, determines a content reproduction start time to start reproducing the content for each of the groups, notifies the communication apparatuses in each of the groups of the content reproduction start time; and performs control such that the content is delivered in order from a group having an earlier content reproduction start time to a group having a later content reproduction start time. Each of the communication apparatuses receives the content, stores the received content, and reproduces the content stored in the storage unit according to the reproduction start time notified from the communication control apparatus.

A data storage system can have adaptive data path routing that consists of a network controller connected to a plurality of data storage units that each have a local controller and memory. A front-end module of the network controller may direct a first data set from a first data storage unit of the plurality of data storage units via a primary data. A back-end routing module of the network controller can adapt to an amount of data accesses by transferring a second data set from a second data storage unit of the plurality of data storage units via a back-end data path.

An information management system is provided. The information management system includes an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle and a server configured to communicate with the in-vehicle device. The in-vehicle device may relay communication between a plurality of functional units based on a routing table. The in-vehicle device may acquire at least one discrete identification information item. The in-vehicle device may transmit the at least one discrete identification information item. The server may acquire a discrete attribute information item of at least one of the plurality of functional units. The information management system may determine a change in the routing table based on a plurality of discrete attribute information items, and execute the change in the routing table.

Various example embodiments for supporting leaf node discovery for multicast trees in packet switched communication networks are described. Various example embodiments for supporting leaf node discovery for multicast trees may be configured to enable the root node of a multicast tree to be informed explicitly whenever a leaf router joins or leaves the multicast tree, thereby supporting efficient and reliable leaf node discovery. Various example embodiments for supporting leaf node discovery for a multicast tree may support discovery of leaf nodes of the multicast tree based on a process in which a transit node sends a membership change message for the multicast tree to a root node of the multicast tree based on detection of a condition and in which the root node of the multicast tree, based on the membership change message, initiates a leaf node discovery process for discovering the leaf nodes of the multicast tree.

A computerized system for performing preparation operations for a maintenance activity that causes a disruption in a communication path of traffic over a multilayer network. The system comprising: a maintenance tool configured to coordinate maintenance activities of the multi-layer network based on maintenance activity-data, a storage unit to store the maintenance activity data; and a multi-layer control system comprising a processor, wherein said processor is configured to: receive from the maintenance tool an indication that one or more maintenance activities are required on an indicated optical resource, determine an affected optical path, determine an affected IP link utilizing said affected optical path; remove traffic from the affected IP link; remove the affected optical path; activate an alternative optical path; configure the packet switching layer to utilize the alternative optical path; and repeat for each alVecied optical path and each affected IP link.

The described technology is generally directed towards an autonomous topology management scheme in a wireless communications network that establishes a hierarchical structure from a peer-to-peer network without assistance from the wireless network. A group of user equipments negotiate with each other to elect a local manager that acts as a base station by which other user equipments of the group can access network resources. Described is an example voting scheme by which the negotiation process elects the local manager for a term.

A congestion notification method, a related device, and a system, where the method includes receiving, by a network side device, a congestion status of a target network area sent by a radio access network (RAN) congestion awareness function (RCAF) entity, where the target network area is a network area involved in an application service provided by a target application server; and sending, by the network side device, the congestion status of the target network area to the target application server. Hence, an application server may able to learn in time when congestion occurs, and adjust, according to the congestion situation, a related service in an area corresponding to the congestion situation.

One or more embodiments of the invention may relate to a method, and/or non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions, for distributing link state information. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the method includes building a link state database on a plurality of network devices; electing a leader from among the plurality of network devices; computing, by the leader, a flooding topology; encoding, by the leader, the flooding topology to obtain an encoded flooding topology; distributing, by the leader, the encoded flooding topology to other network devices of the plurality of network devices.