Provided here is an architectural plan (the solution) for the restoration of the terminal lake, the Salton Sea, an area of prevalent geothermal sources. It includes division of the Lake into three sections, preventing pollution of the Lake from nearby farmlands and importing seawater in central section with pipeline system; providing condition for tourism, and wildlife sanctuary; generating electricity by harnessing hydro, solar, and geothermal energy; and producing potable water and lithium as byproducts. Also includes a system and method for harnessing geothermal energy for generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus. The system includes several devices operating separately in many different applications in energy sectors, Also, included is alternative use for the In-Line-Pump for marine crafts propulsion.

Systems and processes for purifying and concentrating a liquid feed stream are disclosed. In the systems, the concentrated liquid output from the high pressure side of a reverse osmosis stage is used as the draw solution in the low pressure side of the reverse osmosis stage in a configuration called osmotically assisted reverse osmosis. This reduces the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane, permitting high solute concentrations to be obtained, hastening the purification of the liquid. Reduced system pressures are also obtained by arranging multiple osmotically assisted reverse osmosis stages in a cross-current arrangement. Overall system energy consumption is reduced compared to conventional thermal processes for high concentration streams.

A reverse osmosis desalination system for treating feed water, the feed water containing minerals, the system comprising a reverse osmosis unit comprising a first reverse osmosis stage (21) and a second reverse osmosis stage (22), each of the reverse osmosis stages (21, 22) having a feed water input, a product water outlet and a brine outlet, and a fluidized bed crystallizer (30), configured to remove minerals from the water, wherein the fluidized bed crystallizer (30) receives brine from the first reverse osmosis stage (21) and passes treated water to the feed water input of the second reverse osmosis stage (22).

Systems, apparatus and methods for desalination of ocean water using gravity force are described. One example method of desalinating ocean water includes providing a structure having a reverse osmosis membrane affixed to a first end, submerging the structure to a depth in a reservoir of salt water, wherein the depth is a function of a critical pressure of activation of operation of the reverse osmosis membrane, allowing a hydrostatic pressure at the depth to force salt water from the reservoir through the reverse osmosis membrane to cause fresh water to accumulate within a cavity on an inside of the structure; and making the fresh water available for an external use.

A reverse osmosis desalination system has a combined displacement pump and displacement pressure recovery motor that propagate feed water with a structurally fixed recovery rate and structurally stabilized volume flow through continuously alternating discharging and recirculation intervals. Thereby enabled is an instantaneous discharge of the entire feed water concentrate and unmixed replacement with low salinity source water that intermittingly and effectively flushes the reverse osmosis membranes. This in turn provides for high recirculation peak salinity and recovery rate that are simple and reliably controlled without impairing membrane longevity.

A system for disinfecting and removing biological material from water to be injected into an injection well in a water body is described; the system includes: at least one apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles from water, which is connected, in terms of fluid, to a source of untreated water and to the injection well; and an apparatus for the addition of an oxidant for the disinfection of water, which is connected in terms of fluid to the apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles, a source of untreated water and to the injection well such that the apparatus for the gravitational precipitation of particles is positioned downstream relative to the apparatus for the addition of an oxidant for disinfection. The disclosure also relates to a method for disinfecting and removal of biological material from injection water.

A submersible water desalination apparatus includes a plurality of water separation membrane elements, a product water collector that receives product water from the membrane elements, and a variable output motorized submersible pump having a suction side that receives product water from the product water collector and a discharge side that pumps product water away from the apparatus through a product water conduit for surface or subsurface use. At least a portion of the product water is used to lubricate and optionally also cool at least a portion of the pump, motor or both the pump and motor.

A multi-layer membrane which has a mixed polyamide selective layer supported on a porous polysulfone layer. The mixed polyamide selective layer includes reacted units of a polyfunctional acyl halide (e.g. trimesoyl chloride) and a diamine mixture containing 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine and a cyclic diamine (e.g. piperazine). Methods of fabricating the multi-layer membrane via techniques such as phase inversion and interfacial polymerization are described. The inventive membrane is evaluated on its water flux and salt rejection (e.g. sulfate and chloride salts) capabilities. A water desalination system containing the multi-layer membrane(s) is also provided.

A multi-layer membrane which has a mixed polyamide selective layer supported on a porous polysulfone layer. The mixed polyamide selective layer includes reacted units of a polyfunctional acyl halide (e.g. trimesoyl chloride) and a diamine mixture containing 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine and a cyclic diamine (e.g. piperazine). Methods of fabricating the multi-layer membrane via techniques such as phase inversion and interfacial polymerization are described. The inventive membrane is evaluated on its water flux and salt rejection (e.g. sulfate and chloride salts) capabilities. A water desalination system containing the multi-layer membrane(s) is also provided.

A method of activating and dewatering sludge through application of acoustic pressure shock waves to wastewater.