A composition configured to be mixed with cement, and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the composition includes at least 10% by weight lime particles, and at least 35% by weight pozzolan particles. Properties of the composition can include a magnesium oxide concentration of at least 0.5%, and an iron oxide concentration of at least 0.5-2.0%, an aluminum oxide concentration of 2-8%, a silicon dioxide concentration of 20-40%, a potassium oxide concentration of 20,000-30,000 ppm, and a sodium oxide concentration of 10,000-20,000 ppm. In some embodiments, the lime-based cement extender composition, or product, is combined with cement to produce a cement blend for use in the mining industry as mine backfill.

A hydraulic binder composition comprising: a hydraulic binder including at least one alumino-silicate compound, for example blast furnace slag, and an alkaline or sulfate activator and a maximum of 10 wt % of clinker, preferably between 0 and 10 wt % of clinker; a guanidine salt and/or a zinc salt; and a polymer.