A compound of formula (I): (Core)n-(X)m wherein Core is a core group; n is 0 and m is 1, or n is 1 and m is at least 1; and X is a group of formula (II): wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each a substituent; one of R.sup.1-R.sup.5 is a direct bond or divalent linking group linking the group of formula (II) to Core in the case where n is 1; x and y are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and the compound of formula (I) is substituted with at least one ionic substituent. The compound may be used as an n-dopant to dope an organic semiconductor. ##STR00001##

A light-emitting element which includes a plurality of light-emitting layers between a pair of electrodes and has low driving voltage and high emission efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element including first to third light-emitting layers between a cathode and an anode is provided. The first light-emitting layer includes a first phosphorescent material and a first electron-transport material; the second light-emitting layer includes a second phosphorescent material and a second electron-transport material; the third light-emitting layer includes a fluorescent material and a third electron-transport material; the first to third light-emitting elements are provided in contact with an electron-transport layer positioned on a cathode side; and a triplet excitation energy level of a material included in the electron-transport layer is lower than triplet excitation energy levels of the first electron-transport material and the second electron-transport material.

A perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic battery having a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and a second electrode in sequence, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode is a radiating electrode formed by compounding an electrical conductor material with a radioactive source.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one heterocyclic compound of Formula 1: ##STR00001##
The organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound of the present embodiments may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, and a long lifespan.

A compound having a structure represented by Formula I, and an organic electroluminescent device and an electronic apparatus including the same. The compound may be used as a hole transport material of an organic electroluminescent device. The compound provided by the present disclosure has a shallow LUMO, an appropriate HOMO energy level and a high triplet energy level E.sub.T, and can effectively improve hole transport ability, and block electron transition and exciton transport; meanwhile, the compound has high electron mobility, and excellent thermal stability and thin film stability. The compound provided by the present disclosure is used as the hole transport material of an organic electroluminescent device, so that the material has good solubility and appropriate mobility and the inter-pixel cross-talk is effectively avoided, which is conducive to improving light emitting efficiency and lifetime of the device.

A quantum dot device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; a quantum dot layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron auxiliary layer between the quantum dot layer and the second electrode, the electron auxiliary layer including a first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle which is larger than the first nanoparticle, wherein a work function of the first electrode is greater than a work function of the second electrode, and wherein a difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the quantum dot layer and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the electron auxiliary layer is less than about 1.1 electronvolts.

The present invention is directed to an ink composition for forming an organic semiconductor layer, wherein the ink composition comprises: —at least one p-type dopant comprising electron withdrawing groups; —at least one first auxiliary compound, wherein the first auxiliary compound is an aromatic nitrile compound, wherein the aromatic nitrile compound has about ≥1 to about ≤3 nitrile groups and a melting point of about <100° C., wherein the first auxiliary compound is different from the p-type dopant; and wherein the electron withdrawing groups are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or nitrile.

The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and particularly discloses an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device has a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic functional layer. The organic functional layer comprises a light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer comprises at least a host material and a guest material. The host material comprises an exciplex composed of a donor molecule and a receptor molecule, wherein the donor molecule and/or the receptor molecule contains a large steric hindrance substituent group X for increasing an inter-molecular distance between the donor molecule and the receptor molecule, which enables to enhance Foster energy transfer to the guest material molecule, improve device efficiency, inhibit Triplet-Polaron Annihilate Annihilation (TPA), and prolong the device lifetime.

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

A perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic battery having a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and a second electrode in sequence, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode is a radiating electrode formed by compounding an electrical conductor material with a radioactive source.