Techniques for measuring and reducing signal misalignment in a dual connectivity environment are discussed herein. When using Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA), a device initially communicates with a network using a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) connection. After the LTE connection is established, an LTE base station may instruct the device to measure signal strength of a neighboring New Radio (NR) cell during a specified LTE measurement gap. When the NR cell is implemented by an indoor NR base station, the NR signal may not be sufficiently synchronized with the LTE signal and the device may be unable to measure the NR signal during the measurement gap. In these cases, the device can determine the frame timing difference between the LTE and NR signals, obtain an adjusted measurement gap that reduces any measurement gap misalignment, and attempt to measure the signal strength of the NR cell using the adjusted measurement gap.

A method and network node (130; 110; 111) for managing uplink resources to be used by a wireless device 120. Cells (115, 116) for serving the wireless device (120) form at least one imbalance region (117) in which the wireless device (120) has the best quality in the downlink to a first cell (115) of a first type and in the uplink to a second cell (116) of a different, second type. The network node (130; 110; 111) identifies (301; 501) a situation associated with a risk for undesired decrease of transmit power used by the wireless device (120) when the wireless device (120) moves in the imbalance region (117). The network node (130; 110; 111) provides (302; 502), in response to the identification, an adjustment and/or record of a load in the uplink between the wireless device (120) and the first cell (115) and use of said adjusted and/or recorded load for determining one or more uplink resources to be used by the wireless device (120).

Embodiments of the present invention provide an access method, a base station, an access point and a user equipment. The access method includes: a base station sends a first message to an access point through a first communication interface, for requesting the access point to establish a second bearer with a user equipment UE, the second bearer being based on a second communication interface, wherein the first message carries an identifier of the UE and an identifier of an E-RAB; and the base station establishes a first bearer with the access point, the first bearer being based on the first communication interface, wherein the first bearer and the second bearer correspond to the E-RAB.

Disclosed is a data transmission method. The method includes that: when downlink data is transmitted, a master node shunts, on a Radio Link Control (RLC) sublayer, the downlink data to obtain shunted data packets, and sends the shunted data packets to shunting nodes; the shunting nodes process the shunted data packets, and send the processed data packets to a User Equipment (UE); and when uplink data is transmitted, the master node converges data packets sent from the shunting nodes and data packets sent from the UE, and sends the converged data packets to a core network. Also disclosed is a data transmission system. With embodiments of the disclosure, mobile communications system is able to provide an optimized service, a higher bandwidth and better performance.

A primary access node adds a secondary access node to deliver wireless communication service to a User Equipment (UE). The primary access node comprises baseband circuitry and a radio. The radio wirelessly receives a measurement report from the UE that characterizes a radio metric for the secondary access node. The baseband circuitry determines insertion loss for the secondary access node and an add threshold for the secondary access node based on the insertion loss. The baseband circuitry determines an add value for the secondary access node based on the radio metric. When the add value exceeds the add threshold, the baseband circuitry transfers network signaling to the secondary access node to serve the UE and transfers user signaling to the UE over the radio. The UE attaches to the secondary access node and the secondary access node delivers the wireless communication service to the UE.

An electronic device for a backhaul network, wherein the backhaul network comprises a first communication apparatus connected to a core network and a plurality of second communication apparatuses performing wireless communication with the first communication apparatus, includes: processing circuitry configured to perform control to cause the first communication apparatus comprising the electronic device to: operate as a primary donor; select at least one second communication apparatus of the plurality of second communication apparatuses as a secondary donor; transmit a first indicating signal to the selected at least one second communication apparatus, the first indicating signal comprising node type information indicating the secondary donor; transmit a second indicating signal to a second communication apparatus that are not selected, the second indicating signal comprising node type information indicating a member node.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a master node (MN) may determine to reconfigure a user equipment (UE) from an existing configuration to a full configuration for a dual connectivity (DC) mode. To perform the reconfiguration, the MN may transmit a signal (e.g., a modification request message) indicating the full configuration to a secondary node (SN). The SN may identify the full configuration reconfiguration triggered at the MN based on the signal. The SN may transmit an acknowledgment message to the MN including a secondary cell group (SCG) configuration for the SN complying with the full configuration. The MN may indicate this SCG configuration as part of the full configuration to the UE (e.g., in a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message). The UE may perform a reconfiguration process and communicate with the MN and the SN according to the full configuration.

A method and apparatus for load balancing. The method executed by a master base station for load balancing comprising: determining a load balancing group, wherein the load balancing group includes a plurality of secondary base stations; and sending a grouping information about the load balancing group to each secondary base station of the load balancing group. The method executed by a secondary base station of a load balancing group for load balancing comprising: receiving a grouping information about the load balancing group from a master base station; exchanging the load information with other secondary base stations of the load balancing group; selecting a target secondary base station from the other secondary base stations according to the load information of other secondary base stations; and forwarding at least a portion of load of the secondary base station to the target secondary base station.

A terminal device includes an estimation unit and a distribution unit. The estimation unit estimates the radio transmission capacity of a second radio transmission path on the basis of a reception level of a radio signal from each of a first radio transmission path and the second radio transmission path. The second transmission path includes at least one radio repeater and is divided into two with the radio repeater disposed in between so that one side thereof towards the communication apparatus serves as a first radio section and the other side thereof opposite to the one side serves as a second radio section. The distribution unit distributes the data input thereto to the first radio transmission path and to the second radio transmission path on the basis of the radio transmission capacity of the first radio transmission path and the estimated radio transmission capacity of the second radio transmission path.

Provided are apparatuses and methods of managing a load of a base station node in fifth generation (5G) networks. The method of a master base station for managing a load of a secondary base station may include establishing dual connectivity with the secondary base station, receiving a secondary base station status indication message from the secondary base station through an X2 interface, and determining whether to apply an action for reducing a load of the secondary base station based on a value of a secondary base station load information parameter included in the secondary base station status indication message.