Display structures and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a display structure includes an array of pixel driver chips embedded in an insulation layer, a redistribution layer (RDL) over and in electrical contact with the array of pixel driver chips, and an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) over and in electrical contact with the RDL, where the array of LEDs includes different groups of LEDs designed for different wavelength emission spectra, and the top surfaces of the LEDs are coplanar.

A display apparatus includes a substrate having a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, a pixel circuit layer on the substrate, the pixel circuit layer including a pixel circuit and a planarization layer covering the pixel circuit, a first main pixel electrode on the planarization layer, a peripheral pixel electrode on the planarization layer, the peripheral pixel electrode being spaced from the first main pixel electrode and surrounding the first main pixel electrode in a plan view, a bank layer including a first opening exposing a central portion of the first main pixel electrode, a first intermediate layer corresponding to the first main pixel electrode and arranged within the first opening, and an opposite electrode covering the bank layer and the first intermediate layer.

A display apparatus includes a substrate having a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, a pixel circuit layer on the substrate, the pixel circuit layer including a pixel circuit and a planarization layer covering the pixel circuit, a first main pixel electrode on the planarization layer, a peripheral pixel electrode on the planarization layer, the peripheral pixel electrode being spaced from the first main pixel electrode and surrounding the first main pixel electrode in a plan view, a bank layer including a first opening exposing a central portion of the first main pixel electrode, a first intermediate layer corresponding to the first main pixel electrode and arranged within the first opening, and an opposite electrode covering the bank layer and the first intermediate layer.

A light-emitting substrate includes a substrate, functional element groups, signal line groups, first-type connecting lines and bonding pins. The functional element groups are arranged in rows in the first direction and in columns in a second direction: the first direction intersects with the second direction. A signal line group is electrically connected to a column of functional element groups, the signal line group includes at least one first-type signal line, and all first-type signal lines each extend in the first direction and are arranged at intervals in the second direction. A first-type connecting line is used to connect first-type signal lines transmitting a same signal in at least two signal line groups. Among the first-type signal lines electrically connected to the first-type connecting line, at least one first-type signal line is spaced apart from the bonding pins.

A light-emitting substrate includes a substrate, functional element groups, signal line groups, first-type connecting lines and bonding pins. The functional element groups are arranged in rows in the first direction and in columns in a second direction: the first direction intersects with the second direction. A signal line group is electrically connected to a column of functional element groups, the signal line group includes at least one first-type signal line, and all first-type signal lines each extend in the first direction and are arranged at intervals in the second direction. A first-type connecting line is used to connect first-type signal lines transmitting a same signal in at least two signal line groups. Among the first-type signal lines electrically connected to the first-type connecting line, at least one first-type signal line is spaced apart from the bonding pins.

An array substrate includes sub-pixels, gate lines and data lines. The sub-pixels form pixel groups each including the first and second sub-pixels. The first sub-pixel includes a first transistor and a first electrode group including a first pixel electrode and a first commons electrode. The second sub-pixel includes a second transistor and a second electrode group including a second pixel electrode and a second common electrode. The gate lines form gate line groups each including a first gate line and a second gate line. At least part of the data lines each include: first data segments between a i-th column of sub-pixels and a (i+1)th column of sub-pixels, second data segments between a (ij)-th column of sub-pixels and a (ij-1)-th column of sub-pixels, and third segments. An overlapping are of the first pixel electrode and first common electrode equals that of the second pixel electrode and second common electrode.

An array substrate includes sub-pixels, gate lines and data lines. The sub-pixels form pixel groups each including the first and second sub-pixels. The first sub-pixel includes a first transistor and a first electrode group including a first pixel electrode and a first commons electrode. The second sub-pixel includes a second transistor and a second electrode group including a second pixel electrode and a second common electrode. The gate lines form gate line groups each including a first gate line and a second gate line. At least part of the data lines each include: first data segments between a i-th column of sub-pixels and a (i+1)th column of sub-pixels, second data segments between a (ij)-th column of sub-pixels and a (ij-1)-th column of sub-pixels, and third segments. An overlapping are of the first pixel electrode and first common electrode equals that of the second pixel electrode and second common electrode.

A display panel includes a plurality of pixel circuits configured to drive a plurality of inorganic light-emitting elements; a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to connect the plurality of inorganic light-emitting elements to the plurality of pixel circuits; a plurality of test transistors connected to the plurality of pixel circuits through the plurality of pixel electrodes; and at least one processor configured to: apply a voltage to at least one of the plurality of pixel circuits; and detect whether at least one of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defective based on current flowing through one of the plurality of test transistors according to the voltage applied to the at least one of the plurality of pixel circuits.

A display panel includes a plurality of pixel circuits configured to drive a plurality of inorganic light-emitting elements; a plurality of pixel electrodes configured to connect the plurality of inorganic light-emitting elements to the plurality of pixel circuits; a plurality of test transistors connected to the plurality of pixel circuits through the plurality of pixel electrodes; and at least one processor configured to: apply a voltage to at least one of the plurality of pixel circuits; and detect whether at least one of the plurality of pixel electrodes is defective based on current flowing through one of the plurality of test transistors according to the voltage applied to the at least one of the plurality of pixel circuits.

A display apparatus including an oxide semiconductor is provided. The display apparatus includes a driving circuit and a light-emitting device on a display area of a device substrate. The driving circuit can be electrically connected to the light-emitting device. The driving circuit can include at least one thin film transistor. A semiconductor pattern of the thin film transistor can include an oxide semiconductor. The display area can be surrounded by a barrier line. The barrier line can include a hydrogen blocking material. A barrier trench can penetrate inorganic insulating layers stacked on the barrier line. A cover pattern can be on a side-wall of the barrier trench. Thus, in the display apparatus, the movement of hydrogen from an edge of the device substrate toward the display area can be blocked. Therefore, the degradation in the reliability of the driving circuit due to the penetration of the hydrogen can be prevented.