The present invention relates to fermentation methods for incorporating azido groups in bacterial capsular polysaccharides. The invention also relates to capsular polysaccharides comprising azido groups obtained by said methods. The capsular polysaccharides comprising azido groups may be used for click-based conjugation with alkyne-labeled carrier to generate glycoconjugates. The polysaccharides and glycoconjugates obtained by the method may be further used for preparation of immunogenic compositions for preventing and treating infections caused by the organism.

The present invention relates to microbial starter cultures. More specifically, a method for preparing a microbial culture such as a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter culture wherein at least one microbial strain such as a lactic acid bacteria and at least one hemoprotein is inoculated in a culture medium.

Provided are: a fish rearing composition containing lacticin; and a fish rearing composition containing bacterial cells or a cell culture product of a bacterium having a lacticin gene, or an extract thereof. Provided is a method for rearing an organism of fish, including applying lacticin to the organism of fish, or applying bacterial cells or a cell culture product of a bacterium having a lacticin gene, or an extract thereof to the organism of fish. The lacticin is preferably lacticin Q.

The present invention falls within the technical field of aquaculture, and specifically, the invention relates to a specific solution for preventing and treating bacterial diseases using a Lactococcus lactis lactic acid bacterium transformed to produce an interferon type II (IFN II) immunostimulating cytokine, particularly interferon gamma (IFNg or IFN). Said transformed bacterium has been deposited in the Chilean Microbial Genetic Resources Collection at INIA with accession number RGM 2416 dated 22 Oct. 2017. The invention is also related to an immunostimulating food for aquaculture species comprising the lactic acid bacterium transformed with IFN type II from salmonidae. Moreover, the invention relates to the method for preparing said probiotic food, the method for preparing said lactic acid bacterium expressing IFNg, in other words which produces a cytokine that stimulates the antibacterial immune response.

Provided in the present invention is a probiotic. The probiotic includes Parabacteroides distasonis with the microbial deposit number of CCTCC NO: M20222033, Limosilactobacillus fermentum with the microbial deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2023352, Lactobacillus salivarius with the microbial deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2023348, Enterococcus avium with the microbial deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2023350, and Bifidobacterium bifidum with the microbial deposit number of CCTCC NO: M2023349. The probiotic has good safety, has antioxidant activity, can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, can alleviate colon injury, can inhibit inflammation, and can alleviate diarrhea caused by chemotherapeutic drugs.

The present invention relates to streptococcal vaccine formulations and their use in generating immunity against streptococcal infection.

A method for producing a fermented milk product (e.g. a yogurt) with a relatively high stable pH value at the end of the fermentation comprising inoculating milk with Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) Gal(+) bacteria.

An object is to provide a joint function-improving composition which is useful for prevention or treatment of various arthropathies such as osteoarthritis including knee osteoarthritis as a typical example and rheumatoid arthritis because the composition has an action of promoting growth of chondrocytes and an action of suppressing the production of an inflammation factor, a cartilage matrix degradation factor, a pain factor or a neuronal outgrowth factor by synoviocytes and to provide a joint function-improving product containing the composition such as a food or a drink, feed and a medicine. A joint function-improving composition containing bacterial cells and/or a culture of a bacterium belonging to genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus or Bifidobacterium and a joint function-improving agent, a joint function-improving food or drink, a joint function-improving nutritional composition, joint function-improving feed or a joint function-improving pharmaceutical agent which is characterized by containing the joint function-improving composition.