A catalyst precursor composition for forming a phenol alkylation catalyst, the composition comprising: 70 to 98 weight percent of abase oxide comprising: magnesium oxide with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area from 75 meter.sup.2/gram to 220 meter.sup.2/gram, preferably from 75 meter.sup.2/gram to 140 meter.sup.2/gram, more preferably from 90 meter.sup.2/gram to 130 meter.sup.2/gram; or magnesium carbonate with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of from 100 meter.sup.2/gram to 220 meter.sup.2/gram, preferably from 120 meter.sup.2/gram to 200 meter.sup.2/gram; or a combination thereof; at least one metal promoter precursor comprising an iron precursor, a manganese, a vanadium precursor, or a copper precursor; and a pore former, a lubricant, a coke inhibitor; and optionally, a strength additive; and optionally a binder, and a method of alkylating phenol using a catalyst derived from the catalyst precursor.

The invention provides a method for the production of a supported nickel catalyst, in which an aqueous mixture comprising an alkali metal salt plus other metal salts is sintered to form a support material. A supported nickel catalyst comprising potassium β-alumina is also provided.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (PA) comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active material of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %. The present invention further relates to a process for gas phase oxidation in which a gas stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a catalyst system which comprises at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active materials of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %.

The invention relates to a method for producing a metal-foam body, comprising the steps of (a) providing a metal-foam body A, which consists of nickel, cobalt, copper, or alloys or combinations thereof, (b) applying an aluminum-containing material MP to metal-foam body A so as to obtain metal-foam body AX, (c) thermally treating of metal-foam body AX, with the exclusion of oxygen, to achieve the formation of an alloy between the metallic components of metal-foam body A and the aluminum-containing material MP so as to obtain metal-foam body B, wherein the duration of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the temperature of the thermal treatment and the temperature of the thermal treatment is chosen in dependence on the thickness of the metal-foam body AX. The invention also relates to the metal-foam bodies obtainable by the methods according to the invention and to the use thereof as catalysts for chemical transformations.

Catalysts and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and methods are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane.

Disclosed herein are a catalyst composition, catalyst devices, and methods for removing formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. The catalyst composition including manganese oxide, optionally one or more of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, iron, binder, an inorganic oxide, or carbon.

Provided is a method of preparing a pure M1 phase MoVTeNb-oxide catalyst with a high specific surface area, including S1) mixing and dissolving a molybdenum-containing compound, a vanadium-containing compound, a tellurium-containing compound, a niobium-containing compound and a protective agent to obtain a precursor-protective agent mixed solution, in which the protective agent is a surfactant or a small molecule organic acid and a salt thereof; S2) subjecting the precursor-protective agent mixed solution to a hydrothermal reaction to separate out a solid; S3) calcining the solid in an air atmosphere, followed by calcining the same in an inert gas, and then performing a hydrogen peroxide purification treatment to obtain a pure M1 phase MoVTeNb-oxide catalyst. This catalyst exhibits an excellent conversion rate, selectivity, space time yield and stability in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of ethane for preparing ethylene.

Methods for modifying a catalyst system component are disclosed in which a feed mixture containing a fluid and from 1 to 15 wt. % of a catalyst system component is introduced into an inlet of a hydrocyclone, an overflow stream containing from 0.1 to 5 wt. % solids and an underflow stream containing from 10 to 40 wt. % solids are discharged from the hydrocyclone, and the underflow stream is spray dried to form a modified catalyst component. Often, from 4 to 20 wt. % of the catalyst system component in the feed mixture has a particle size of less than or equal to 20 μm, or less than or equal to 10 μm.

A zirconia-based porous body including an oxide of a rare earth element, in which when a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less after heating at 1150° C. for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure is defined as pore volume A and a pore volume in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less before heating is defined as pore volume B, the pore volume A is 0.10 ml/g or more and 0.40 ml/g or less, and a pore volume retention ratio X in a pore distribution range of 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less represented by a formula [[(pore volume A)/(pore volume B)]×100] is 25% or more and 95% or less.

Method of making BTX compounds including benzene, toluene, and xylene, including feeding heavy reformate to a reactor containing a composite zeolite catalyst. The composite zeolite catalyst includes a mixture of layered mordenite (MOR-L) comprising a layered or rod-type morphology with a layer thickness less than 30 nm and ZSM-5. The MOR-L, the ZSM-5, or both include one or more impregnated metals. The method further includes producing the BTX compounds by simultaneously performing transalkylation and dealkylation of the heavy reformate in the reactor. The composite zeolite catalyst is able to simultaneously catalyze both the transalkylation and dealkylation reactions.