Disclosed are a catalyst used for converting carbon dioxide to methanol by hydrogenation and a method preparing the sane. The caratlys may include: a mesoporous indium oxide; and a catalyst supported on the mesoporous indium oxide. Preferably, a porous structure of the mesoporous indium oxide may have Ia3d symmetry and may include mesopores and micropores interconnecting the mesopores.

Methods for modifying a catalyst system component are disclosed in which a feed mixture containing a fluid and from 1 to 15 wt. % of a catalyst system component is introduced into an inlet of a hydrocyclone, an overflow stream containing from 0.1 to 5 wt. % solids and an underflow stream containing from 10 to 40 wt. % solids are discharged from the hydrocyclone, and the underflow stream is spray dried to form a modified catalyst component. Often, from 4 to 20 wt. % of the catalyst system component in the feed mixture has a particle size of less than or equal to 20 μm, or less than or equal to 10 μm.

Methods for modifying a catalyst system component are disclosed in which a feed mixture containing a fluid and from 1 to 15 wt. % of a catalyst system component is introduced into an inlet of a hydrocyclone, an overflow stream containing from 0.1 to 5 wt. % solids and an underflow stream containing from 10 to 40 wt. % solids are discharged from the hydrocyclone, and the underflow stream is spray dried to form a modified catalyst component. Often, from 4 to 20 wt. % of the catalyst system component in the feed mixture has a particle size of less than or equal to 20 μm, or less than or equal to 10 μm.

Provided are a supported metal material showing high catalytic activity, a supported metal catalyst, a method of producing ammonia and a method of producing hydrogen using the supported metal catalyst, and a method of producing a cyanamide compound. The supported metal material of the present invention is a supported metal material in which a transition metal is supported on a support, and the support is a cyanamide compound represented by the following general formula (1): MCN.sub.2 (1), wherein M represents a group II element of the periodic table, and the specific surface area of the cyanamide compound is 1 m.sup.2 g.sup.−1 or more.

The invention provides a method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, which comprises: using waste biomass from agriculture and forestry as raw materials, conducting pyrolysis carbonization reaction at 630˜720° C. under oxygen-limited or oxygen-insulation conditions, obtaining biochar and bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture after gas-solid separation of the products; treating the bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture obtained with a biochar catalyst at 690˜850° C., carrying out bio-tar catalytic cracking to obtain small molecular combustible gas and light bio-tar, preserving heat and ageing the biochar obtained at 530˜650° C. then making a kind of biochar catalyst. The invention further provides an integrated device used for the method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, comprising: a spiral feeder, a pyrolysis carbonization device and a catalysis device. The method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass and the device thereof according to the invention can solve the problems presented in the existing methods such as high energy consumption, high cost, and low utilization ratio of energy.

Provided is a method of manufacturing a supported catalyst and a supported catalyst manufactured using the same. The method may prevent the growth of catalytic metal particles by repeatedly applying heat, so the method is simpler and more economical than conventional processes. Moreover, since the support in the supported catalyst thus manufactured includes a hollow having a predetermined size, an electrode manufactured using the supported catalyst may ensure a desired electrode thickness even when used in a relatively small amount compared to the conventional technology. Moreover, water generated during operation of a fuel cell can be efficiently discharged, so desired mass transfer resistance can be exhibited, and a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and superior catalytic activity can be attained.

A substrate (11) of an exhaust gas purification catalyst (10) includes inflow-side cells (21), outflow-side cells (22), and porous partition walls (23), each porous partition wall separating the cells (21, 22) from each other. A first catalyst portions (14) is provided at least on a portion of a side of the partition wall (23) that faces the inflow-side cell (21), the portion being located on an upstream side in an exhaust gas flow direction, and a second catalyst portion (15) is provided at least on a portion of a side of the partition wall that faces the outflow-side cell, the portion being located on a downstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction. A first pore volume is greater than a second pore volume, where the first pore volume is a pore volume of pores with a pore size of 10 μm to 18 μm, as measured on the first catalyst portions (14) and the partition walls (23) within a region where the first catalyst portions (14) are provided, and the second pore volume is a pore volume of pores with a pore size of 10 μm to 18 μm, as measured on the second catalyst portions (15) and the partition walls (23) within a region where the second catalyst portions (15) are provided. The first catalyst portion (14) exhibits the peak top of the pore size at between 20 nm and 500 nm.

A method of preparing a pure M1 phase MoVTeNbOx catalyst with a high specific surface area, comprising the following steps: S1) mixing and dissolving a molybdenum-containing compound, a vanadium-containing compound, a tellurium-containing compound, a niobium-containing compound and a protective agent to obtain a precursor-protective agent mixed solution, in which the protective agent is a surfactant or a small molecule organic acid and a salt thereof; S2) subjecting the precursor-protective agent mixed solution to a hydrothermal reaction to separate out a solid; S3) calcining the solid in an air atmosphere, followed by calcining the same in an inert gas, and then performing a hydrogen peroxide purification treatment to obtain a pure M1 phase MoVTeNbOx catalyst. The MoVTeNbOx composite oxide catalyst synthesized by the method has high pore volume and high specific surface area, and exhibits an excellent conversion rate, selectivity, space time yield and stability in the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of ethane for preparing ethylene.

A metal/α-MoC.sub.1-x load-type single-atomic dispersion catalyst, a synthesis method therefor, and applications thereof. The catalyst uses α-MoC.sub.1-x as carrier, and has metal that has the mass fraction ranging from 1-100% and that is dispersed on carrier α-MoC.sub.1-x in the single atom form. The catalyst provided in the present application can be adapted to a wide alcohol/water proportion in hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols, outstanding hydrogen production performance can be obtained at a variety of proportions, and catalysis performance of the catalyst is much higher than that of metal loaded with an oxide carrier. Especially when the metal is Pt, catalysis performance of the catalyst provided in the present application in the hydrogen production based on aqueous-phase reforming of alcohols is much higher than that of a Pt/α-MoC.sub.1-x load-type catalyst on the α-MoC.sub.1-x carrier on which Pt is disposed on a layer form in the prior art. The hydrogen production performance of the catalyst provided in the present application can be higher than 20,000 h.sup.−1 at the temperature of 190° C.

Catalytic articles comprising a substrate having a catalytic coating thereon, the catalytic coating comprising a catalytic layer having a thickness and an inner surface proximate to the substrate and an outer surface distal to the substrate; where the catalytic layer comprises a noble metal component on support particles and where the concentration of the noble metal component towards the outer surface is greater than the concentration towards the inner surface are highly effective towards treating exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines. The articles are prepared via a method comprising providing a first mixture comprising micron-scaled support particles and applying the first mixture to a substrate to form a micro-particle layer; providing a second mixture comprising nano-scaled support particles and a noble metal component having an initial pH and applying the second mixture to the micro-particle layer and calcining the substrate.