A method is disclosed for converting biomass into a fuel additive, the method comprising: liquefying the biomass to form a liquor; neutralizing the liquor; precipitating lignin out of the liquor; extracting furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the liquor; and hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) the extracted furfurals over a Cu—Ni/TiO.sub.2 catalyst. The catalyst for hydrodeoxygenating (HDO) furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to methylated furans comprises copper-nickel (Cu—Ni) particles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), and wherein the copper-nickel particles form core-shell structures in which copper (Cu) is enriched at a surface of the catalyst.

Described are a catalyst for producing isopropylbenzene and the production method and use thereof. The catalyst includes a support and an active component supported on the support, wherein the support comprises a support substrate and a modifying auxiliary component supported on the support substrate, wherein the active component includes metal palladium and/or an oxide thereof, and the modifying auxiliary component is phosphorus and/or an oxide thereof; optionally, the active component further includes metal copper and/or an oxide thereof; the catalyst further includes a sulfur-containing compound.

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition comprising: (a) nickel; (b) at least one promoter selected from Cu Zn, Mo, Co, Mg, Ce, Ti, Zr, Fe, Pd, Ag, Pt, or combinations thereof; and (c) a support material, wherein, the nickel loading is in the range of 6-19 wt % and the at least one promoter loading is in the range of 0.2-5 wt % with respect to the support material. The present disclosure further discloses a process for preparing a catalyst composition and a process each for the production of hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes. Also disclosed herein, is use of a catalyst composition for obtaining hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between cobalt nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

In order to enable a reductive amination reaction at a low temperature and a low hydrogen pressure, provided is a catalyst comprising cobalt supported on an oxide, the catalyst produced by a method comprising the following steps (1) to (4): (1) a step of mixing a salt containing a cobalt ion and an oxide in water, (2) a step of distilling water away from a mixed solution obtained in step (1) and drying a resulting solid material, (3) a step of calcining a dried material obtained in step (2) in a nitrogen stream, and (4) a step of reducing a calcined product obtained in step (3) in a hydrogen stream.

Disclosed are catalyst compositions containing cobalt II cations (Co2+) on a support. In embodiments, the catalyst compositions are free of chromium and/or a precious metal. Also disclosed are methods of preparing such catalyst compositions and methods of using such catalyst compositions, for example, to dehydrogenate light alkane and/or light alkene gas.

Provide is a functional structural body that can suppress aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles and prevent functional loss of metal oxide nanoparticles, and thus exhibit a stable function over a long period of time. A functional structural body (1) includes: a skeletal body (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one type of metal oxide nanoparticles (20) containing a perovskite-type oxide present in the skeletal body (10), the skeletal body (10) having channels (11) that connect with each other, and the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) being present at least in the channels (11) of the skeletal body (10).

A functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of metallic nanoparticles present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body having channels connecting with each other, the metallic nanoparticles being present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first oxide having a phosphate, a ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites between 0.05 and 1.00, and a total acidity between 50 μmol/g and 300 μmol/g, where the phosphate is at least one of a functional group covalently bonded to the first oxide and/or an anion ionically bonded to the first oxide.

A catalyst for production of carboxylic acid ester, containing: catalyst metal particles; and a support supporting the catalyst metal particles, wherein the catalyst has a hollow particle ratio of 40% or less.