Catalysts comprising MoP and MoP.sub.2 are disclosed, wherein the catalyst is a composite. The catalyst may have a molar ratio of MoP:MoP.sub.2 within a range of 5:95 to 95:5. The catalyst may be used as a cathode active material for hydrogen generation from neutral pH solutions, such as wastewater or seawater. Methods of making the catalyst also are disclosed.

Disclosed are a catalyst including copper (Cu) particles having specific properties as an active metal dispersed and supported on an alumina support, a method of preparing the same, and a method of hydrogenating furan-based compounds such as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) derived from biomass with a high selective conversion and high efficiency using the catalyst.

A support comprising kaolin clay, wherein the kaolin clay comprises less than or equal to about 0.6% by weight of iron, based on total weight of the support.

A catalyst includes at least one element X selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the Periodic Table, and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of Group 14 elements. The catalyst is flaky and has pores in a thickness direction. A catalyst that is capable of suppressing an overreaction to a polymer and producing a diene compound, particularly butadiene, at a high yield can be provided.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework may include at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties may include a titanium atom. The titanium atom may be bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and the bridging oxygen atom may bridge the titanium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

A metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure, includes: a framework forming the three-dimensional network structure; and a coating layer having fine pores and coating the framework, the three-dimensional network structure including a rib and a node connecting a plurality of ribs, the framework including an alkali-resistant first metal, the fine pores having an average fine pore diameter of 10 nm or more and 1 μm or less, the coating layer including an alkali-resistant second metal and optionally including an alkali-soluble metal, the alkali-soluble metal being contained at a proportion of 0% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with reference to a total mass of the framework and the coating layer.

Catalyst particles and methods for making same are disclosed herein. The catalyst particles can include a ceramic support containing silica and alumina. The ceramic support can have a macropore concentration of about 15% to about 45%, a mesopore concentration of about 20% to 50%, and a micropore concentration of about 8% to about 30% based on the total pore volume of the ceramic support. The ceramic support can also have a surface area of about 0.5 m.sup.2/g to about 50 m.sup.2/g. The catalyst particles can have a long term permeability at 7,500 psi of at least about 10 D in accordance with ISO 13503-5.

A preparation method and use of a novel pure inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material are disclosed. The surface hydroxyl-rich metasilicic acid is used as the raw material, and by using a sulfonating reagent and/or phosphoric acid, the sulfonic acid group and/or the phosphoric acid group are bonded to the inorganic silicon material by chemical bonding to obtain a pure inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material. The catalytic material can be widely used in many acid-catalyzed organic reactions such as isomerization, esterification, alkylation, hydroamination of olefins, condensation, nitration, etherification, multi-component reactions and oxidation reactions. The inorganic solid silicon-based sulfonic acid and/or phosphoric acid catalytic material of the present invention has the advantages of high acid amount, high activity, good hydrothermal stability, no swelling, simple preparation, low cost, no pollution, no corrosion, easy separation and reusability.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a support and a catalyst particle supported on the support. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni and Fe, y+z=1, x≥0.995, z≤0.4, and w is a positive value satisfying electrical neutrality. A film thickness of a catalyst-supporting film supported on the support and containing the catalyst particle is 5 μm or more, or a supported amount as determined by normalizing a mass of the catalyst particle supported on the support by a volume of the support is 45 g/L or more.

The present invention relates to single thread composite fibers comprising at least one binder and at least one active catalyst for the capture and degradation of chemical threats such as chemical warfare agents (CWA), biological warfare agents, and toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) and a method for producing the same. The invention fibers are applicable to the fields of protective garments, filtration materials, and decontamination materials.