A catalyst for halogen production for oxidizing a hydrogen halide with oxygen to produce a halogen, the catalyst for halogen production including 4% or less by volume of water with respect to a pore volume of the catalyst for halogen production while the catalyst is encapsulated in a package, and the package encapsulating therein the catalyst for halogen production for oxidizing a hydrogen halide with oxygen to produce a halogen, wherein the catalyst for halogen production includes 4% or less by volume of water with respect to a pore volume of the catalyst for halogen production.

A metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure, includes: a framework forming the three-dimensional network structure; and a coating layer having fine pores and coating the framework, the three-dimensional network structure including a rib and a node connecting a plurality of ribs, the framework including an alkali-resistant first metal, the fine pores having an average fine pore diameter of 10 nm or more and 1 μm or less, the coating layer including an alkali-resistant second metal and optionally including an alkali-soluble metal, the alkali-soluble metal being contained at a proportion of 0% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with reference to a total mass of the framework and the coating layer.

An object of the present invention is to provide a powder of a CeO.sub.2—ZrO.sub.2-based complex oxide which enables to achieve an improvement in the purification performance at a low to middle temperature of an exhaust gas purification catalyst, and, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a powder of a CeO.sub.2—ZrO.sub.2-based complex oxide, wherein a pore volume with from-10-to-100-nm diameters after a heat treatment performed at 1,000° C. for 3 hours in an air atmosphere, is 0.35 mL/g or more, and wherein an amount of carbon dioxide desorbed after the heat treatment, as measured by a temperature programmed desorption method, is 80 μmol/g or more.

Catalyst comprising a nickel-based active phase and an alumina support, characterized in that: the nickel is distributed both on a crust at the periphery of the support, and in the core of the support, the thickness of said crust being between 2% and 15% of the diameter of the catalyst; the nickel density ratio between the crust and the core is strictly greater than 3; said crust comprises between 40% and 80% by weight of nickel element relative to the total weight of nickel contained in the catalyst; the size of the nickel particles in the catalyst is less than 7 nm.

The present invention provides an oxidation catalyst composition suitable for at least partial conversion of gaseous hydrocarbon emissions, e.g., methane. The oxidation catalyst composition includes at least one platinum group metal (PGM) component supported onto a porous zirconia-containing material that provides an effect on hydrocarbon conversion activity. The porous zirconia-containing material is at least 90% by weight in the monoclinic phase. Furthermore, the PGM component can comprise at least one platinum group metal in the form of colloidally deposited nanoparticles. The oxidation catalyst composition can be used in the treatment of emissions from lean compressed natural gas engines.

The present disclosure relates to a dissimilar metal-doped cerium oxide including cerium oxide and a dissimilar metal other than the cerium oxide, in which a relationship of the following formula (1) is satisfied:

0.8≤|(D90)−(D10)|/D50≤2.0  (1) (in the formula (1), D10, D50, and D90 respectively represent the following: D10: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 10% D50: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 50% D90: particle diameter at which cumulative volume fraction is 90%).

The invention relates to a method for regulating the gas velocity of the empty bed in a fluidized bed, wherein solid catalysts are used as fluidized particles or as a part of fluidized particles, characterized in that the gas velocity of the empty bed μ of the reaction zone of the fluidized bed is measured, compared with the bed average catalyst density ρ of the solid catalysts in the reaction zone of the fluidized bed, the gas velocity of the empty bed μ being adjusted as required such that the gas velocity of the empty bed μ and the bed average catalyst density ρ satisfy the formula (I) below: ρ=0.356μ.sup.3−4.319μ.sup.2−35.57μ+M; wherein M=250−; where μ is provided in m/s and ρ is provided in kg/m.sup.3. The method can be used for the industrial production of lower olefin.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst composition that partially oxidizes a hydrocarbon to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the catalytic activity of which is unlikely to deteriorate even when the catalyst composition is exposed to a high temperature, and the present invention provides a catalyst composition that partially oxidizes a hydrocarbon to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, including: a carrier that contains α-alumina; and a supported components that are supported on the carrier, wherein the supported components includes at least one platinum group element, a Ce oxide, and a Zr oxide.

Fluidizable catalysts for the gas phase oxygen-free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes, such as propane, to corresponding olefins, such as propylene. The catalysts comprise 5-20% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VO.sub.x), such as V.sub.2O.sub.5. The dehydrogenation catalysts are disposed on an alumina support that is modified with calcium oxide to influence characteristics of lattice oxygen at the catalyst surface. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalyst as well as methods for the gas phase oxygen free oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes, such as propane, to corresponding olefins, such as propylene, with improved alkane conversion and olefin product selectivity are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to fluid bed processes that utilize silica particles as a fluidization aid. The process comprises reacting one or more reactants in a reactor comprising a fluid bed to form a product. The fluid bed comprises a catalyst composition comprising a catalyst and an inert additive composition comprising silica particles from 0.5 wt % to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The silica particles are discrete, inert particles that are mixed with the catalyst in the fluid bed.