A exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided with: a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including entry-side cells, exit-side cells, and a porous partition; a first catalyst region formed in small diameter pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; and a second catalyst region formed in large diameter pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition. The first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, while the second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in the first catalyst region.

A silica-alumina based composite material for making hydroprocessing catalysts, is disclosed. The silica-alumina composite material generally comprises at least two silica-aluminas, the first being a modified first silica-alumina, and the second being a second silica-alumina that is unmodified or modified. The first silica-alumina is modified to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The second silica-alumina may also be modified at the same time or separately to comprise silica and alumina domains and a silica-alumina interphase. The first silica-alumina and the second silica-alumina differ in one or more physical and/or chemical characteristics, e.g., the ratio of silica to alumina, surface area, pore size, pore volume, silica domain size, or alumina domain size. The invention can be used for making catalyst base materials and catalysts useful for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce fuels, lubricants, chemicals and other hydrocarbonaceous compositions.

The present invention relates to a catalyst and a method for preparation of that catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of diolefins present in gasoline streams along with the shifting of lighter sulfur compounds in the feed stock to heavier sulfur compound by the reaction with olefinic compounds.

The present invention relates to granulated particles with improved attrition and a method for producing granulated particles by fluidized bed granulation of inorganic particles wherein particles of reduced particle size are fed into a fluldized-bed granulation reactor thereby producing granulated particles with improved attrition.

The invention relates to a mixed oxide composed of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and at least one rare earth oxide other than cerium and lanthanum, having a specific porosity and a high specific surface area; to the method for preparing same and to the use thereof in catalysis.

The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst including a base material and a catalyst layer 20 that is arranged on the base material. The catalyst layer 20 includes a catalyst metal and a carrying material carrying the catalyst metal. The catalyst layer 20 satisfies below: (1) in a pore distribution curve measured by a mercury porosimeter, a peak for the largest pore volume exists within a range of a pore diameter equal to or more than 1 μm and not more than 10 μm; and (2) on an electron microscopy observation image (with a 1000-fold magnification) of a surface of the catalyst layer 20, when areas of a plurality of voids comprised in the electron microscopy observation image are respectively calculated, a standard deviation for the areas of the plurality of voids is not more than 30 μm.sup.2.

The present invention relates to a method of producing a porous composite comprising single-atom metal catalysts and nitrogen atoms by using a hierarchical carbon material from a carbon dioxide-containing gas. According to the present invention, a composite material is produced by producing a porous carbon material using nanosized templates and carbon dioxide, producing carbon nanotubes from the composite material through a self-templating process, and adding single-atom catalysts to the carbon nanofibers. In addition, it is possible to produce a composite having significantly improved porous characteristics and electrochemical properties by nitrogen atom doping using a nitrogen precursor. The produced composite may be easily applied to a high-energy storage device such as a lithium-sulfur battery.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a diene, preferably a conjugated diene, more preferably 1,3-butadiene, comprising the dehydration of at least one alkenol having a number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 4, in the presence of a catalytic material comprising at least one crystalline metalosilicate in acid form, preferably a macroporous zeolite, more preferably a zeolite with a FAU, BEA or MTW structure. Preferably, said alkenol having a number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 4 may be obbtained directly through biosynthetic processes, or through catalytic dehydration processes of at least one diol. When said alkenol is a butenol, said diol is preferably a butanediol, more preferably 1,3-butanediol, even more preferably bio-1,3-butanediol, i.e. 1,3-butanediol deriving from biosynthetic processes. When said alkenol is 1,3-butanediol, or bio-1,3-butanediol, the diene obtained with the process according to the present invention is, respectively, 1,3-butadiene, or bio-1,3-butadiene.

A porous substrate susceptible to one or both of hydroxylation and alkoxylation by a first protic solvent is exposed to a first relative pressure of the first protic solvent. The porous substrate includes a first plurality of pores having a first average pore diameter and a second plurality of pores having a second average pore diameter that is greater than the first average pore diameter. The first relative pressure is effective to one or both of hydroxylate or alkoxylate substantially only pores of the first average pore diameter to form a first modified porous substrate. The first modified porous substrate is reacted with a first functionalizing reagent that is effective to functionalize one or both of hydroxylated or alkoxylated surfaces, thereby functionalizing substantially only the first plurality of the pores, to form a first functionalized porous substrate.

Methods and phosphorus-containing solid catalysts for catalyzing dehydration of cyclic ethers (e.g., furans, such as 2,5-dimethylfuran) and alcohols (e.g., ethanol and isopropanol). The alcohols and cyclic ethers may be derived from biomass. One example includes a tandem Diels-Alder cycloaddition and dehydration of biomass-derived 2,5-dimethyl-furan and ethylene to renewable p-xylene. The phosphorus-containing solid catalysts are also active and selective for dehydration of alcohols to alkenes.