A method through which a more rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori in a gaseous sample is practicable, in which the .sup.13C content is measured only until a minimum number of measurement values of the .sup.13C content meets a standard deviation to be specified. The known .sup.13C urea breath test has become established for clinical diagnosis for detecting Helicobacter pylori infections and known methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori provide that each method step corresponds to a fixed, specified time, which is disadvantageous, especially for performing a large number of such tests.

A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

The present invention provides methods for profiling the microbiome of a subject from a sample obtained from the subject using a Scent Reader/Recorder which detects and records the scent in the headspace of the sample and generates a pattern of sensor signals that can be analyzed using machine learning techniques. The invention further provides methods for detecting changes in the microbiome profile of a subject, and methods for providing health and nutritional recommendations to subjects.

A screening method for confirming that a subject does not have a Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, the method comprising: determining if a GBS-volatile organic compound (VOCs) is not present in a sample that has been taken from the genital mucosa of the subject, wherein if a GBS-VOC is not present in the sample, the subject does not have a Group B Streptococcus infection. A method of diagnosing that a subject has a Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, the method comprising: determining if a GBS-volatile organic compound (VOCs) is present in a sample that has been taken from the genital mucosa of the subject, wherein if a GBS-VOC is present in the sample, the subject has a Group B Streptococcus infection.

The present invention provides a method for the detection of American foulbrood (AFB) in a beehive, said method comprising the steps of taking a sample from the beehive and testing the sample for a range of compounds, wherein the presence of one or more of the compounds in a relative amount of at least three times that of a non-infected hive indicates the presence of AFB in the beehive.

A breath analyte device includes a breath volume in fluid communication with a sampling volume. The device also includes a sampling sensor configured to generate a breath signal that varies in response to changes in gas pressure (e.g., sound waves) in the breath volume and one or more analyte sensors configured to generate one or more analyte signals that vary in response to a concentration of one or more target analytes present in the sampling volume. A control unit is configured to determine a time at which to measure the concentration of target analytes in the sampling volume based on the breath signal and measure the concentration of the target analytes based on the analyte signals at the determined time. The device may also include a pump configured to motivate gas from the breath volume into the sampling volume prior to measuring the concentration of the target analytes.

Embodiments of the present disclosure enable rapid detection of viruses present in ambient air flows. A fan disposed in an ambient environment may be activated to direct an air flow to an ambient inlet of an analysis device. As an ambient air flow enters an inlet of the analysis device, a heating element may introduce heat into the air flow, causing VOCs to be released. A mass spectrometer-based analysis device may be used to analyze the VOCs to detect the presence of one or more target VOCs that indicate the presence of a virus or other harmful molecule in the ambient air flow.

Breath is used to detect the presence of absence of viruses or bacteria in a test subject. A series of devices can be used to collect a breath specimen. The breath specimen is either passed through a liquid or mixed with a liquid, the liquid capturing the viruses or bacteria contained in the breath. Alternatively, the breath specimen passes a filter medium, and the filter medium captures the viruses or bacteria contained in the breath. Liquid is then passed by the filter medium and collected. Liquids captured by these methods can then be tested by a laboratory, for instance using PCR techniques.

A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

A Discrete Sample Introduction Module (DSIM) apparatus includes an internal tubing system to receive into the DSIM apparatus a discrete gas sample having a received concentration. A plurality of valves selectively partitions the internal tubing system to form a plurality of loops corresponding to a plurality of loop volumes to contain the discrete gas sample. The plurality of loop volumes receives a carrier gas to dilute the discrete gas sample to a plurality of preselected dilutions. The DSIM apparatus circulates a given one of the plurality of preselected dilutions for analysis by a spectrometer coupled to the DSIM apparatus.