A monolithic, three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) device includes a sensing layer, a memory layer, and a processing layer. The sensing layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) that are functionalized with at least 50 functional materials to generate data in response to exposure to a gas. The memory layer stores the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs, and the processing layer identifies one or more components of the gas based on the data generated by the plurality of CNFETs.

The present invention provides methods of detecting cell-to-cell signaling in cancer cells and methods of diagnosing, prognosing and monitoring cancer comprising the use of volatile organic compounds, which are indicative of cell-to-cell signaling in cancer cells.

Embodiments of the disclosure can include systems, methods, and devices for detecting and identifying certain substances, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath of a subject or person in real-time using a breath analyzer device.

A method for evaluating for the presence of the COVID disease by detecting one or more biomarkers using a breathalyzer (138). The breath sample (2) taken from the subject (10) is passed over a sensor (140) which changes resistance in the presence of nitric oxide as a function of concentration. The resistance pattern of the subject (10) having the COVID disease will have a distinct shape, approximating the appearance of the small Greek letter omega (ω). Test results can be generated in less than a minute.

A process for determining the viability of a biological indicator includes exposing the biological indicator to a viability detection medium, the biological indicator including test microorganisms, the exposing the biological indicator to the viability detection medium producing a gaseous reaction product when one or more of the test microorganisms are viable. The presence or absence of the gaseous reaction product produced by the biological indicator combined with the viability detection medium is detected with a sensing device, the sensing device comprising a capacitive sensor, an electro-mechanical sensor, or a resistive sensor, wherein the presence of the gaseous reaction product indicates the presence of viable test microorganisms and the absence of the gaseous reaction product indicates the absence of viable test microorganisms. A sterilization detection device includes a container configured to contain the biological indicator, a viability detection medium, and the sensing device.

Presented herein is a method for in-situ real-time non-invasive estimation of the level of living cells proliferation and/or growth in a biological material present in a container sealed to prevent biological contamination. The method comprises measuring the concentration of at least one metabolic gas that is emitted by the living cells. The method can be adapted inter alia to detect a microorganism contamination in a storage container for platelets sealed to biological contamination, to monitor a fermentation process in a fermenter enclosing microorganisms and sealed to biological contamination, and to monitor the concentration of living cells in a bioreactor sealed to biological contamination.

A method and system for measuring metabolic gas concentration. The method includes: applying, via a tunable coherent infrared light source, an infrared light beam to a region of interest, wherein the region of interest is positioned between the tunable coherent infrared light source and a detection module, wherein the region of interest is in fluid communication with a biological material including living cells emitting a metabolic gas; measuring, via the detection module, a plurality of signals based on the application of the infrared light beam to the region of interest, wherein measuring each of the plurality of signals further comprises tuning the tunable coherent infrared light source; and determining the concentration of the metabolic gas based on the plurality of signals.

Methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring the treatment of mucormycosis are described. The methods can include detecting the presence of one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of subjects suspected of having mucormycosis.

Provided herein is a compound of formula I:

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and the use thereof for detecting the presence of hydrogen sulfide in cells or tissues in vitro or in vivo. The detecting may be useful, for example, in diagnosing cancer or other diseases related to imbalanced hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) production such as neurodegenerative diseases.

A breath analyte device includes a breath volume in fluid communication with a sampling volume. The device also includes a sampling sensor configured to generate a breath signal that varies in response to changes in gas pressure (e.g., sound waves) in the breath volume and one or more analyte sensors configured to generate one or more analyte signals that vary in response to a concentration of one or more target analytes present in the sampling volume. A control unit is configured to determine a time at which to measure the concentration of target analytes in the sampling volume based on the breath signal and measure the concentration of the target analytes based on the analyte signals at the determined time. The device may also include a pump configured to motivate gas from the breath volume into the sampling volume prior to measuring the concentration of the target analytes.