A nanoadsorbent based filter is used for purification of fluoride and arsenic contaminated water. 140-150 g low cost (˜10 USD/kg) nanoparticles of gamma alumina of 20-25 mg/g fluoride and 25-30 mg/g arsenic adsorption capacity is incorporated in propylene filter without susceptibility of leaching incorporated nanoparticles in water. The cost of domestic defluoridation device containing low cost nanoalumina incorporated filters/cartridges along with housing, overhead tank, tubing and treated water storage container etc. is of very low cost of around 25 USD/device. The fluoride treatment cost would be <0.5 USD/100 lit for 4-5 mg/l fluoride water after 2-3 regenerations while, the arsenic treatment cost using domestic filtration device would be <0.25 USD/100 lit for 90-100 μg/l arsenic (III) water. A method incorporates nanoadsorbent in a sediment removal filter candle and provides a household defluoridation device capable of treatment of fluoride and arsenic contaminated ground/drinking water without electricity.

A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater, such as phosphogypsum pond water. The method includes the steps of: (a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater; (b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater; (c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater; (d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and (e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewater. The precipitated fluorosilicate may be sodium fluorosilicate. The precipitated phosphate may be struvite.

A method of moderating concentration of at least highly fluorinated alkyl materials from a contaminated aqueous feed liquid containing an original composition of between 60 parts per trillion and 300 parts per billion of the at least highly fluorinated materials per liter of water into an aqueous electronic separator having at least three chambers including a feed chamber having a liquid exit port from which a mediated aqueous contaminated feed liquid exits and a liquid input port into which the contaminated aqueous feed liquid enters the feed chamber; an anodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous anodic liquid; and a cathodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous cathodic liquid; wherein the feed chamber is between and adjacent to the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber and the feed chamber is separated from each of the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber by at least one semipermeable membrane.

The present disclosure provides cellulose/metal composites and their use in removing impurities from liquids, including water. Carboxylated nanocelluloses are combined with metal ions and the resulting composite may be contacted with a liquid, including water, to remove impurities therefrom.

Disclosed are a quaternized cellulose-based resin and a preparation method and application thereof. Cellulose extracted from traditional Chinese medicine waste residues is subjected to functional modification, and then grafted to a surface of chloromethylated polystyrene, so as to obtain the quaternized cellulose-based resin. The preparation method does not involve toxic reagents, is green and environment-friendly, is low in cost, and effectively prevents and controls PFAS pollution while realizing harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid wastes, thus ensuring the safety of drinking water. The quaternized cellulose-based resin comprises the chloromethylated polystyrene and the quaternized cellulose modified on the surface of the chloromethylated polystyrene. The quaternized cellulose-based resin is easy to recover, is used on a large scale, solves the problem that a powder adsorbent is difficult to recover and use on a large scale, has good stability, and effectively removes trace perfluorinated substances in drinking water.

Disclosed are a quaternized cellulose-based resin and a preparation method and application thereof. Cellulose extracted from traditional Chinese medicine waste residues is subjected to functional modification, and then grafted to a surface of chloromethylated polystyrene, so as to obtain the quaternized cellulose-based resin. The preparation method does not involve toxic reagents, is green and environment-friendly, is low in cost, and effectively prevents and controls PFAS pollution while realizing harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid wastes, thus ensuring the safety of drinking water. The quaternized cellulose-based resin comprises the chloromethylated polystyrene and the quaternized cellulose modified on the surface of the chloromethylated polystyrene. The quaternized cellulose-based resin is easy to recover, is used on a large scale, solves the problem that a powder adsorbent is difficult to recover and use on a large scale, has good stability, and effectively removes trace perfluorinated substances in drinking water.

The present disclosure provides cellulose/metal composites and their use in removing impurities from liquids, including water. Carboxylated nanocelluloses are combined with metal ions and the resulting composite may be contacted with a liquid, including water, to remove impurities therefrom.

A method of moderating concentration of at least highly fluorinated alkyl materials (e.g., molecules) from a contaminated aqueous feed liquid containing an original composition of between 5 parts/trillion and 3000 parts/billion of the at least highly fluorinated materials per liter of water into an aqueous electronic separator having multiple chambers including a feed chamber having a liquid exit port from which a mediated aqueous contaminated feed liquid exits and a liquid input port into which the contaminated aqueous feed liquid enters the feed chamber; an anodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous anodic liquid; and a cathodic electrode chamber filled with an aqueous cathodic liquid; wherein the feed chamber is between and adjacent to the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber and the feed chamber is separated from each of the anodic electrode chamber and the cathodic electrode chamber by at least one semipermeable membrane.

The present invention provides a mixture of adsorbents which has the capacity to adsorb high concentrations of antibiotics from a diverse range of classes, pathogens, and heavy metals. The invention is a mixture of various charcoal adsorbents including areca nut, bamboo, pine nut, coconut shell and paper that can deplete a wide variety of antibiotics in one go.