The disclosure discloses recombinant Bacillus subtilis for synthesizing e lacto-N-neotetraose yield. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis is obtained by integrating two β-1,4-galactotransferase genes on a genome of a host bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168ΔamyE:P.sub.43-lacY, P.sub.43-lgtB, P.sub.xylA-comK and exogenously expressing a β-1,3-N-glucosaminotransferase gene. Compared with a strain before transformation, the recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the disclosure improves the yield of the synthesized lacto-N-neotetraose from 720 mg/L to 1300 mg/L, laying a foundation for further metabolic engineering transformation of Bacillus subtilis for producing the lacto-N-neotetraose.

A method of making a flavoured sweetener or food product by incubating an unrefined plant extract containing sucrose as the main solute with a microorganism or microorganisms to form a modified unrefined plant extract; evaporating water from the modified sucrose-based plant extract to form a concentrate; and cooking the concentrate to develop colour and flavour to produce the flavoured sweetener is disclosed. The flavoured sweetener can serve as a coconut sugar substitute. In a preferred embodiment the unrefined plant extract comprises sugarcane juice or sugar beet juice, and the microorganisms may be selected from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus, or a Klyveromyces species. The flavoured sweetener can be used to make a range of food and beverage ingredients and also food products including sauces, natural flavour extracts and flavour molecules, chocolate, health foods and convenience forms of the various forms of flavoured sweeteners.

Compositions and methods for converting at least one glucosinolate to an isothiocyanate using Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4, Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or active variants thereof, are provided. Conversion of glucosinolates, such as glucoraphanin, to isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane, leads to the stimulation of the Nrf2/Keap pathway and phase II enzymes, providing chemoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, provided herein are compositions comprising Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4, Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or active variants thereof, for administration to subjects for increasing isothiocyanate (e.g., sulforaphane) production, increasing the expression of genes regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor, including phase II enzymes, decreasing inflammation, and treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder or a cancer. The composition can comprise at least one glucosinolate or a plant, plant part or an extract thereof comprising glucosinolate(s).

A genetically engineered strain having high-yield of L-valine is disclosed. Starting from Escherichia coli W3110, an acetolactate synthase gene alsS of Bacillus subtilis is inserted into a genome thereof and overexpressed; a ppGpp 3′-pyrophosphate hydrolase mutant R290E/K292D gene spoTM of Escherichia coli is inserted into the genome and overexpressed; a lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA, a pyruvate formate lyase I gene pflB, and genes frdA, frdB, frdC, frdD of four subunits of fumaric acid reductase are deleted from the genome; a leucine dehydrogenase gene bcd of Bacillus subtilis replaces a branched chain amino acid transaminase gene ilvE of Escherichia coli; and an acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase mutant L67E/R68F/K75E gene ilvCM replaces the native acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase gene ilvC of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the L-valine fermentation method is improved by using a two-stage dissolved oxygen control. The L-valine titer and the sugar-acid conversion rate are increased.

Described are the Bacillus subtilis strain deposited as DSM 32685 and mutant strains thereof which are susceptible to relevant antibiotics, have inhibitory activity against, for example, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli and Salmonella, and have the ability to facilitate degradation of non-starch polysaccharides and thereby increase the amount of available oligosaccharides (sugar) in animal feed. Also described are compositions comprising at least one Bacillus subtilis strain of the disclosure and optionally further bacteria and/or one or more types of yeast and methods of using such compositions.

A method of producing natto includes inoculating a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis var. natto onto steamed or boiled soybeans, and fermenting the soybeans inoculated with the mutant strain by maintaining a temperature of the soybeans at 40 C. to 53 C. The number of the mutant strain spores after fermenting the soybeans is 510.sup.5 or less spores per gram of the fermented soybeans. A single colony of the mutant strain cultured in a selective solid medium supplemented with biotin at a gas phase temperature of 49 C. for 48 hours has a region having a hue of yellow (Y), a value of 9 or more, and a chroma of 2 or less, as defined by the Munsell Color System, and a surface area of the region is 20% or less of the total surface area of the single colony.

The process of making a biocomposite material utilize a bacterial species and a fungal species in an agricultural feedstock composed of a substrate of non-nutrient discrete particles and a nutrient material wherein the bacterial species imparts mechanical properties to the biocomposite material and the fungal species binds the biocomposite material. Both bacterium and fungus can be genetically engineered to produce desired properties within the microbial communities.

A building structure comprising a first film and a second film. The first film and the second film are each impregnated with L-Dopa. The building structure further includes regolith bulk material between the first film and the second film.

An improved bacterial oil treatment composition or pool for handling a decommissioned oil cable, which may be laid in particular as part of a power grid in the ground. The invention further relates to a bacteria growth culture medium containing the bacterial oil treatment composition for refurbishing an oil cable and a corresponding use.

The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation engineering, and specifically to a method for producing psicose 3-epimerase by high-density fermentation. In view of the low expression level of psicose 3-epimerase and other problems existing in the current fermentation, by controlling the feeding rate in the fermentation process, improving the culture temperature in the middle and late stages of fermentation and other measures in the present invention, the OD value during the fermentation with recombinant Bacillus subtilis and the total enzyme activity of psicose 3-epimerase in the fermentation broth are significantly increased, the expression of psicose 3-epimerase is markedly improved, and the production cost of allulose is reduced. Therefore, the present invention has a very broad prospect of application in industry.