Sensors for detecting and distinguishing metals in a sample comprise phenol group-containing azo dyes, the phenol group having one hydroxy involved in reversible metal ion binding and a second hydroxy alkylated to an optically transparent substrate. The sensors have utility for detecting chromium, calcium, magnesium, copper, mercury, nickel, zinc, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, lead, tin, aluminum, potassium, sodium, or arsenic ions in a sample.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

Provided herein are dyes for detecting and distinguishing metals in a sample, as well as compositions and methods comprising the same.

##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

The present disclosure provides reactive quencher dyes that can be used in the detection and/or quantification of desirable target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and various cellular organelles. These dyes are essentially non-fluorescent but are efficient quenchers of various fluorescent dyes. Also, provided are methods of using the dyes, bio-probes incorporating dyes and methods of using the bio-probes. The quencher dyes described herein are modified to provide beneficial properties.

A nonlinear optical dye includes a compound represented by the general formula (1) below. ##STR00001## In the above general formula (1), each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a methylsulfonyl group. In the present invention, it is preferred that each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, or a halogen atom. In the present invention, it is also preferred that the nonlinear optical dye has a dipole moment of 2.1 D or less and a maximum absorption wavelength within a range of 315 to 360 nm.