A computing device includes processor(s), memory(s), and network interface(s). The processor(s) is configured to: cause the computing device to request mapping data for a particular physical location from a remote server using the at least one network interface; receive a unique identifier for the mapping data for the particular physical location from the remote server using the at least one network interface; cause the computing device to query a plurality of network nodes using the unique identifier to identify at least one network node of the plurality of network nodes that can provide the mapping data associated with the unique identifier, wherein the plurality of network nodes does not include the remote server; and receiving the mapping data from the at least one network node identified as being able to provide the mapping data associated with the unique identifier.

Methods for operating a device and for managing bootstrapping of devices are disclosed. The method (100) for operating a device comprises computing (102) a derivative of a secret shared between the device and a server entity of a network, generating (104) a temporary bootstrap URI by combining at least a part of the computed derivative with a static bootstrap URI for the network, and sending (106) a bootstrap request to the temporary bootstrap URI. The method for managing bootstrapping of devices comprises generating temporary bootstrap URIs corresponding to devices operable to connect to a network, and updating a network DNS registry to map the generated temporary bootstrap URIs to the IP address of at least one of a bootstrap server instance reachable via the network and/or a bootstrap load balancer. Also disclosed are a device, a bootstrap load balancer, a bootstrap server, and a computer program.

Provided is a method of allowing a user to participate in a video conference using a quick response (QR) code, which is a method performed by a server connected to a plurality of participant terminals and a user terminal via a wired/wireless network, the method including: generating a conference session with the plurality of participant terminals to initiate the video conference; generating identification information for identifying the video conference so that the user terminal is allowed to access the video conference; transmitting the identification information to a participant intermediary terminal that is one of the plurality of participant terminals; and upon recognizing, by the user terminal, a QR code output on the participant intermediary terminal, allowing the user terminal to participate in the video conference.

The present disclosure provides a method (500) in a Network Function (NF) node for subscription to notification of data change in a Unified Data Management (UDM) node. The method (500) includes: transmitting (510) to the UDM node a request for retrieval of a user subscription data or a request for registration with the UDM node, the request for retrieval or the request for registration including a callback Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for use by the UDM node to notify the NF node of the data change; and receiving (520) from the UDM node a response to the request for retrieval or the request for registration.