A field-effect transistor includes a substrate, a channel on the substrate including a stem including silicon extending in a vertical direction from the substrate and a number of prongs including silicon extending in a horizontal direction from the stem and spaced apart from each other along the vertical direction, an interfacial layer surrounding the stem and the prongs of the channel, a dielectric layer on the interfacial layer and surrounding the stem and the prongs of the channel, and a metal gate on the dielectric layer and surrounding the stem and the prongs of the channel.

An aircraft management system includes: a nearby available-for-landing port search unit configured to search for a nearby available-for-landing port located within a determination threshold distance from a route of the aircraft and able to accept a landing within a predetermined time after a route passing timing; and an alternative candidate port determination unit configured to, if the nearby available-for-landing port is extracted by the nearby available-for-landing port search unit, designate the extracted nearby available-for-landing port as an alternative candidate port for accommodating an emergency landing, or to, if the nearby available-for-landing port is not extracted, change the route of the aircraft to the destination point to a route in which a nearby available-for-landing port is extracted, and then designate the nearby available-for-landing port extracted for the changed route as the alternative candidate port.

An aircraft management system includes: a nearby available-for-landing port search unit configured to search for a nearby available-for-landing port located within a determination threshold distance from a route of the aircraft and able to accept a landing within a predetermined time after a route passing timing; and an alternative candidate port determination unit configured to, if the nearby available-for-landing port is extracted by the nearby available-for-landing port search unit, designate the extracted nearby available-for-landing port as an alternative candidate port for accommodating an emergency landing, or to, if the nearby available-for-landing port is not extracted, change the route of the aircraft to the destination point to a route in which a nearby available-for-landing port is extracted, and then designate the nearby available-for-landing port extracted for the changed route as the alternative candidate port.

A system for directing a drone to a specific landing space comprises a landing space related control unit and a management system for overseeing landing space availability. A laser of the control unit visually generates a visual identifier at a landing space, and a camera of the drone captures the visual identifier to authenticate correctness of the landing space and to direct the drone to the landing space. In a method for directing a drone to a landing space, determination is made that a landing space worthy region is unoccupied by an obstacle or a bystander and signals indicative of airborne commands for the drone are transmitted as it increasingly approaches the landing space. An outside area deployed control unit has a microcontroller for generating a dynamic landing space within the unoccupied landing space worthy region that is sufficiently large for a drone to land upon.

A system for directing a drone to a specific landing space comprises a landing space related control unit and a management system for overseeing landing space availability. A laser of the control unit visually generates a visual identifier at a landing space, and a camera of the drone captures the visual identifier to authenticate correctness of the landing space and to direct the drone to the landing space. In a method for directing a drone to a landing space, determination is made that a landing space worthy region is unoccupied by an obstacle or a bystander and signals indicative of airborne commands for the drone are transmitted as it increasingly approaches the landing space. An outside area deployed control unit has a microcontroller for generating a dynamic landing space within the unoccupied landing space worthy region that is sufficiently large for a drone to land upon.