A method for controlling juvenile to adult phase transition in a tree plant is provided. The method comprises introducing using targeted genome editing, at least one genomic modification in an endogenous microRNA156 (miRNA156). A tree plant, plant cell, plant tissue, plant part or a seed is produced by the aforementioned method.

The present invention relates to Spinacia tetrandra genomic DNA including a first or a second genomic DNA fragment, wherein the first or the second genomic DNA fragments include genes encoding proteins providing resistance against the plant pathogen Peronospora farinosa. The present invention further relates to spinach plants being resistant to the plant pathogen Peronospora farinosa, including the first or the second genomic DNA fragments. The present invention further relates to methods for providing and to methods for identifying spinach plants being resistant to the plant pathogen Peronospora farinosa. The present invention also relates to the use of one or more nucleic acid sequences or amino acid sequences for providing, or identifying, plants resistant to the plant pathogen Peronospora farinosa.

Anti-CD90 antibodies, binding fragments, and uses thereof are described. The provided antibodies and binding fragments can be used to isolate CD90 cells or to target such cells ex vivo or in vivo for a research, a diagnostic, or a therapeutic purpose. Anti-CD90 antibodies and binding fragments thereof can also be used in engineered formats to create antibody conjugates or within a recombinant protein to pseudotype viral vectors.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising siRNAs capable of downregulating T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) gene expression or a variant thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of using such compositions in the treatment of a liver disease or injury, such as fatty liver disease (FLD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Described herein is a method for treating, ameliorating and/or preventing polycystic kidney disease in a subject in need thereof. The method including administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound that downregulates GLIS2. Also described herein are a composition and a kit for performing the method, and a method of screening suppressors of downstream effects of loss of PKD1 or PKD2.

A method of enhancing tolerance to drought stress in a plant includes inhibiting expression of a gene encoding a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or genes encoding BCAT1 protein and BCAT2 protein from soybean having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 and SEQ ID NO: 34, respectively in a plant cell.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for inducing parthenogenesis by expressing, in a female gametophyte, a Babyboom (BBM) polynucleotide operably linked to a promoter that expresses in an egg cell. Also included herein are promoters that express in a plant egg cell and methods of expressing a gene product in an egg cell of a plant using these promoters.

The present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, which is (a) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the RNA-guided DNA endonuclease comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs 9, 1 to 5, 7, 8 and 10 to 15; (b) a nucleic acid molecule comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs 24, 16 to 20, 22, 23 and 25 to 30; (c) a nucleic acid molecule encoding a RNA-guided DNA endonuclease the amino acid sequence of which is at least 70% identical to the amino acid sequence of (a), preferably at least 80% identical, more preferably at least 90% identical, and most preferred at least 95% identical; (d) a nucleic acid molecule comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence which is at least 70% identical to the nucleotide sequence of (b), preferably at least 80% identical, more preferably at least 90% identical, and most preferred at least 95% identical; (e) a nucleic acid molecule which is degenerate with respect to the nucleic acid molecule of (d); or (f) a nucleic acid molecule corresponding to the nucleic acid molecule of any one of (a) to (d) wherein T is replaced by U.

Plant seeds with increased protein and methionine content and having a modified expression of a cystathionine -synthase (CGS) polypeptide, modified expression of a low methionine content (< about 1.0% methionine) storage protein polypeptide, or modified expression of both are provided. Methods for modifying expression of CGS polypeptides and polynucleotides and low methionine content seed storage polypeptides and polynucleotides include genome editing to modify the MTO1 regulatory region of CGS to create feedback insensitive methionine production and low methionine content polypeptides to create proteome rebalancing toward high methionine content storage protein production, and transformation with recombinant DNA constructs to enhance or suppress expression are disclosed herein.

Methods and compositions are provided for treating an individual in need (e.g., one who has chronic pain). Such methods can include a step of administering a therapy that reduces CamKv activity in opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) expressing neurons of the individual's rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). In some cases, the therapy (e.g., deep brain stimulation of zona incerta neurons) increases inhibitory input into the individual's RVM. In some cases, the therapy is an agent (e.g., an RNAi agent) that reduces expression or activity of CamKv in the individual's RVM. In some cases, the agent includes a retrograde-enhanced recombinant AAV particle, e.g., one that can be used to deliver an RNAi agent such as an shRNA that targets CamKv. Also provide are retrograde-enhanced clade E variant AAV capsid proteins, AVV particles that include such capsid proteins, methods of making such AAV particles, and methods of expressing a transgene using such AAVs.