A hub motor includes a hub motor body, an axle extending into the hub motor body, a rotor coupled to the outer housing, a stator within the rotor and coupled to the axle, and a brake within the hub motor body. The brake may include a brake pad spring-biased into braking engagement and moved out of braking engagement by an electromagnetic coil, such that the brake will fail into a braked state.

A braking mechanism for a hand truck or dolly that, when installed on the hand truck, slows the movement of the hand truck when the hand truck is tilted rearwardly. The more the hand truck is tilted rearwardly, the greater the braking force applied by the braking mechanism against the wheels.

A hub motor includes a hub motor body, an axle extending into the hub motor body, a rotor coupled to the outer housing, a stator within the rotor and coupled to the axle, and a brake within the hub motor body. The brake may include a brake pad spring-biased into braking engagement and moved out of braking engagement by an electromagnetic coil, such that the brake will fail into a braked state.