A cylinder boot for an axle of an industrial vehicle includes a cylinder boot body, a rod-side fixing portion, a cylinder-side fixing portion, and a detection portion. The cylinder boot covers a cylinder rod of a steering hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder boot body has a contractable portion that is contractable in response to a stroke of the cylinder rod. The rod-side fixing portion is disposed at one end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a distal end portion of the cylinder rod. The cylinder-side fixing portion is disposed at the other end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a cylinder body of the steering hydraulic cylinder. The detection portion is displaced in a direction in which the cylinder rod extends or contracts, and is detected by a detection sensor disposed on the beam axle.

An autonomous steering control unit for a hydraulic steering control system has a pilot selector valve, primary and secondary electro-hydraulic (EH) steering valves, and an output selector valve. In a primary autonomous steering mode, the primary EH steering valve operates to output pilot fluid from the pilot selector valve through the output selector valve to the steering control system to control steering of a work machine while the pilot selector valve and the output selector valve isolate the secondary EH steering valve from the steering control system. In a secondary autonomous steering mode, the secondary EH steering valve operates to output pilot fluid through the output selector valve to the steering control system while the primary EH steering valve is isolated from the steering control system. In alternative embodiments, a load sense selector valve alternately connects an dynamic load sense line to the operative steering valve.

A work vehicle includes a wheel supporting member 11 that is supported by a vehicle body frame 1 that includes left and right side members 80; left and right steerable wheels that are supported by the wheel supporting member 11 so as to be steerable; and a steering mechanism 25 that includes a power steering unit 24 and steers the left and right steerable wheels. The power steering unit 24 is located near the wheel supporting member 11 such that at least a portion of the power steering unit 24 is located between the left and right side members 80.

A cylinder boot for an axle of an industrial vehicle includes a cylinder boot body, a rod-side fixing portion, a cylinder-side fixing portion, and a detection portion. The cylinder boot covers a cylinder rod of a steering hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder boot body has a contractable portion that is contractable in response to a stroke of the cylinder rod. The rod-side fixing portion is disposed at one end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a distal end portion of the cylinder rod. The cylinder-side fixing portion is disposed at the other end portion of the cylinder boot body and fixed to a cylinder body of the steering hydraulic cylinder. The detection portion is displaced in a direction in which the cylinder rod extends or contracts, and is detected by a detection sensor disposed on the beam axle.

This power steering valve (1) includes a sleeve (40), a spool (60) held in such a way as to be able to rotate within the housing (40), to which an input shaft U of a steering wheel S is coupled, a gerotor (30) fixed to the sleeve (10) and configured to be driven by hydraulic fluid which flows out from the predetermined opening of the sleeve (40), and a drive shaft (80) meshing with an inner rotor (32) of the gerotor (30) and pivotally supported in a swingable manner by the sleeve (40) with use of a pin (81), wherein an overall length Ld of the drive shaft (80) is formed to have a dimension defined by (¼).Math.Ls≤Ld≤(½).Math.Ls relative to an overall length Ls of the sleeve (40), and the pin (81) is arranged at a position nearer the gerotor (30) in an axial direction than a middle position in the sleeve (40).

The present invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted apparatus having a biasing structure using a coil spring capable of reducing a lateral force of a coil spring that is applied to a biasing target member. When N1, n1, N0, and n0 represent the number of effective turns when the relief valve spring 37 is set in a valve hole 34 of a spool 29 in a compressed state, a value of an integer of N1, the number of effective turns when a length of the relief valve spring 37 is a natural length, and a value of an integer of N0, respectively, the spring 37 satisfies an equation 1: 0≤N1−n1≤0.25 or an equation 2: 0.75≤N1−n1<1.

Methods of controlling a feedback torque actuator in a steering system that includes the feedback torque actuator and an assistance actuator incorporate, for feedback torque control, generating at least one input signal with a sensor, determining a steering angle from the input signal, transforming the steering angle to a target steering-wheel torque, and controlling the feedback torque actuator via a closed loop current control to achieve the target steering-wheel torque. The assistance actuator has a high gain, thereby resulting in a low torque in the axle above the assistance actuator such that the steering-wheel torque is close to the target steering-wheel torque, whereby acceptable steering feel is achieved.

Methods and apparatus providing for the isolation of an unknown mutation from a sample comprising wild type nucleic acids and mutated nucleic acids through the application of time-varying driving fields and periodically varying mobility-altering fields to the sample within in an affinity matrix.

A vehicle and method for vehicle noise reduction for vehicle occupants are provided. The method comprises detecting a position of a window of the vehicle; and controlling the duty of an operational component of the vehicle based on the position of the window of the vehicle and at least one of: a speed of the vehicle, and a presence of a sound-reflecting structure proximate to the vehicle; wherein the operational component is external to a cabin of the vehicle; and wherein noise generated by the operational component increases with a duty of the operational component.

A hydraulic steering arrangement 1 is described comprising a supply port arrangement having a pressure port (4) and a tank port (5), a working port arrangement having two working ports (6, 7), a steering unit (2) arranged in a flow path (9) between the supply port arrangement (4, 5) and the working port arrangement (6, 7), and a second flow path (13) in form of an amplification flow path bridging the steering unit (2) and having an amplification orifice (A.sub.U1) which is controlled as function of the steering unit (2). Such a steering arrangement should have a possibility to change the steering behaviour. To this end at least a third flow path (14) in form of an amplification flow path is arranged in parallel to the second flow path (13), wherein the second/or the third flow path (13, 14) comprise an valve (15).