Land vehicles, powertrain units for land vehicles, and methods of using land vehicles are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the land vehicles are provided as delivery vehicles and/or utility vehicles. A land vehicle includes a frame structure having a front cage that defines an operator cabin and a rear floor positioned rearward of the front cage. The frame structure supports a plurality of wheels to permit movement of the vehicle relative to an underlying surface in use of the land vehicle. An underside of the frame structure is disposed in confronting relation with the underlying surface.

Included are a cowl top arranged on a lower end part of a front windshield; a dash panel provided with a first air intake port for sucking external air under and behind the cowl top, and on one side of the cowl top in a vehicle width direction; a hood arranged in front of the dash panel, and above an engine room; left and right fenders arranged respectively on sides of the cowl top; and left and right cowl sides extending in up-down and front-rear directions respectively on the opposite sides of the cowl top in the vehicle width direction. The right cowl side includes a second air intake port for introducing the external air to under the cowl top. The hood is arranged above the second air intake port. The right fender is arranged outside the second air intake port in the vehicle width direction.

Land vehicles, modular systems for forming monocoques of land vehicles, and methods of forming monocoques of land vehicles using modular systems are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the land vehicles are provided as delivery vehicles and/or utility vehicles. A land vehicle includes a monocoque supporting a plurality of wheels to permit movement of the vehicle relative to an underlying surface in use of the land vehicle.

Presented are multilayer composite panels for motor vehicles, methods for making/using such panels, and motor vehicles with transparent composite roof panels having localized reinforcement features. A sandwich-type multilayer composite panel contains one or more exterior layers each including a transparent rigid material, one or more bonding layers each including a transparent adhesive material, and one or more structural reinforcement layers each including a fiber-reinforced polymer material. Each structural reinforcement layer may be attached directly to a bonding layer and/or exterior layer. The composite panel may also include one or more IR-reflective layers, one or more light-absorbing sunshade layers, and one or more insulating low-k layers. The multilayer body panel has a plan-view profile; the individual layers extend substantially the entire length and width of the plan area, whereas the fibers in each structural reinforcement layer are localized to one or more discrete regions within the plan-view profile.

Presented are multilayer composite panels for motor vehicles, methods for making/using such panels, and motor vehicles with transparent composite roof panels having localized reinforcement features. A sandwich-type multilayer composite panel contains one or more exterior layers each including a transparent rigid material, one or more bonding layers each including a transparent adhesive material, and one or more structural reinforcement layers each including a fiber-reinforced polymer material. Each structural reinforcement layer may be attached directly to a bonding layer and/or exterior layer. The composite panel may also include one or more IR-reflective layers, one or more light-absorbing sunshade layers, and one or more insulating low-k layers. The fibers of each structural reinforcement layer are localized to a discrete region within the composite panel's plan-view profile. This region has laterally spaced side rails extending along the length of the multilayer body panel, and one or more transverse crossmembers connecting the side rails.

There is provided a reinforcement for a vehicle having a main body portion that is formed in a hollow beam shape, and extends in a vehicle width direction while having both end portions thereof in the vehicle width direction supported by structural components of a vehicle, and whose cross-sectional surface area in a vehicle front-rear direction becomes progressively larger from the end portions in the vehicle width direction towards a central portion thereof.

An embodiment plastic composite material panel includes an outer plate portion bent in a predetermined shape and configured to be bonded to a vehicle body frame through an adhesive, and a material filling portion integrally formed with the outer plate portion, the material filling portion being thicker than the outer plate portion.

An apparatus for manufacturing a pipe for a cowl crossbar disposed inside a vehicle body in a lateral direction, includes an extruder configured to receive a pipe material and extrude the pipe material; and a compression molding machine, configured to compress the pipe material extruded and form the pipe, comprising a hydraulic cylinder configured to form a hollow part at a center of the pipe material in a longitudinal direction.

A load structure may include a first honeycomb layer, a second honeycomb layer, and a plurality of intermediate layers. The plurality of intermediate layers may be disposed between the first and second honeycomb layers. The intermediate layers may include one or more adhesive layers, a fiberglass layer, and a paper layer.

A structure for reinforcing a framework member in a vehicle includes: a resin framework member that constitutes a part of a framework of a vehicle and is formed so as to have a closed cross-section; and a fiber-reinforced-resin reinforcing member. The reinforcing member has a first reinforcing part that is disposed so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross-section including one of surfaces of the framework member extending along the longitudinal direction, and a second reinforcing part that is disposed so as to form a substantially U-shaped cross-section including the other surface of the framework member extending along the longitudinal direction. At a minimum part of the framework member at which the cross-section is smallest, a portion of the first reinforcing part and a portion of the second reinforcing part are laid one on top of the other so as to overlap each other.