A modular vehicle body includes a pair of outer frames. An inner board space with a fixed width is defined between the outer frames. Each outer frame includes a front side board and a door sill. The front side board includes a main board provided with a vertical board having a predetermined width. A first flange is provided on a side of the vertical board. The door sill includes an inner board provided with a horizontal board having a predetermined width. A second flange is provided on a side of the horizontal board. The inner board is fixedly coupled to the main board. The first flange and the second flange form an outer edge. A width between the outer edges of the pair of outer frames is set to correspond to a width of a vehicle body.

An embodiment closure module frame structure of a vehicle includes a platform extending from a front to a rear of the vehicle to form an outer floor surface; a first and a second cabin frame provided on the platform such that the first and the second cabin frame are spaced apart from each other while facing each other; at least one middle connection part placed between the first and the second cabin frame; load path units that are in contact with the first and the second cabin frame, and are connected to opposite sides starting from the middle connection part; and a cabin unit inserted between the load path units to be fastened to the first and the second cabin frame.

An example vehicle frame disclosed herein includes end frames having wheels coupled thereto, and a central frame coupled between the end frames, the central frame positioned at an offset relative to the end frames, the vehicle frame rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the vehicle frame between a first position and a second position, the central frame at a first distance from the ground when the vehicle frame is in the first position, the central frame at a second distance from the ground when the vehicle frame is in the second position, the first distance greater than the second distance.

In certain embodiments, land vehicles are provided as delivery vehicles and/or utility vehicles. A land vehicle includes a frame structure having a front cage that defines an operator cabin and a rear floor positioned rearward of the front cage. The frame structure supports a plurality of wheels to permit movement of the vehicle relative to an underlying surface in use of the land vehicle. An underside of the frame structure is disposed in confronting relation with the underlying surface.

Land vehicles, modular systems for forming monocoques of land vehicles, and methods of forming monocoques of land vehicles using modular systems are envisioned. In certain embodiments, the land vehicles are provided as delivery vehicles and/or utility vehicles. A land vehicle includes a monocoque supporting a plurality of wheels to permit movement of the vehicle relative to an underlying surface in use of the land vehicle.

A military vehicle including a chassis, an engine, a motor/generator, and an energy storage system. The chassis including a passenger capsule including a rear wall, and a rear module coupled to the passenger capsule. The rear module including a rear subframe assembly, a left rear wheel well, a right rear wheel well, and a bed. The engine coupled to the chassis for providing mechanical power to the military vehicle and the motor/generator coupled to the engine. The energy storage system including a lower support coupled to the bed, a lower isolator mount coupled to the lower support, a battery electrically coupled to the motor/generator and coupled to the isolation mounts such that the weight of the battery is supported via the lower isolator mount and the lower support, a bracket coupled to the battery, and an upper isolator mount coupling the bracket to the rear wall of the passenger capsule.

A military vehicle includes a chassis, a front axle, a rear axle, an energy storage system, a first driver, a transmission, and a second driver. The chassis includes a passenger capsule, a front module coupled to the passenger capsule, and a rear module coupled to the passenger capsule. The passenger capsule defines a tunnel extending longitudinally along a bottom thereof. The front axle is coupled to the front module. The rear axle is coupled to the rear module. The first driver is supported by the front module. The transmission is positioned within the tunnel and coupled to the front axle and/or the rear axle. The second driver is at least partially positioned within the tunnel and positioned between the first driver and the transmission. The second driver includes a motor/generator coupled to the transmission and a clutch positioned to selectively couple the first driver to the motor/generator.

A driveline for a military vehicle includes a driver. The driver includes a housing, a motor/generator, and a clutch. The housing includes an engine mount configured to couple to an engine and a backing plate configured to couple to a transmission. The motor/generator is disposed within the housing and configured to couple to an input of the transmission. The clutch is disposed within the housing and coupled to the motor/generator. The clutch is configured to selectively couple an output of the engine to the motor/generator. The clutch is spring-biased into engagement with the engine and pneumatically disengaged by an air supply selectively provided thereto.

In certain embodiments, an electric vehicle includes a front cage, a rear floor, an intermediate section, a utility cabinet, and a flatbed. In other embodiments, an electric vehicle includes a front cage, a rear floor, an intermediate section, and a flatbed. In some embodiments, the front cage at least partially defines an operator cabin, the rear floor is positioned rearward of the front cage in a longitudinal direction, and the intermediate section is disposed at least partially between the front cage and the rear floor in the longitudinal direction.

A brake system includes a brake actuator configured to engage a brake to limit movement of a tractive element, an air-to-hydraulic intensifier coupled to the brake actuator where the air-to-hydraulic intensifier is configured to receive a supply of air and provide a hydraulic fluid to the brake actuator based on the supply of air to overcome a brake biasing force of the brake actuator to disengage the brake actuator from the brake to permit movement of the tractive element, a hydraulic reservoir coupled to the air-to-hydraulic intensifier, and a valve. The valve includes a first port fluidly coupled to the air-to-hydraulic intensifier, a second port fluidly coupled to the hydraulic reservoir, a third port fluidly coupled to the brake actuator, and a valve gate that is repositionable between a first position that couples the first port to the third port and a second position that couples the second port to the third port.