A rod-end front suspension is provided for an off-road vehicle. The rod-end front suspension comprises a spindle assembly that is pivotally coupled with an upper suspension arm by way of a first rod-end joint and pivotally coupled with a lower suspension arm by way of a second rod-end joint. A steering rod-end joint coupled with the spindle assembly pivotally receives a steering rod. An axle assembly coupled with the spindle assembly conducts torque from a transaxle to a wheel coupled with the spindle assembly. Each of the first and second rod-end joints comprises a ball rotatably retained within a casing. The ball is fastened within a recess between parallel prongs extending from the spindle assembly. A threaded shank extending from the casing is threadably fixated with the suspension arm, such that the spindle assembly may be moved with respect to the casing and the suspension arm.

Vehicle chassis with interchangeable performance packages and related methods. are disclosed herein. An example vehicle chassis disclosed herein includes a frame including a first chassis portion including a cavity, a battery platform coupled to first chassis portion, and a first subframe couplable within the cavity, the first subframe including a first motor and a first suspension assembly, and a second subframe couplable within the cavity, the second subframe including a second motor and a second suspension assembly, the second motor having a greater power than the first motor, the second suspension assembly having a greater stiffness than the first suspension assembly.

Vehicle chassis with interchangeable performance packages and related methods. are disclosed herein. An example vehicle chassis disclosed herein includes a frame including a first chassis portion including a cavity, a battery platform coupled to first chassis portion, and a first subframe couplable within the cavity, the first subframe including a first motor and a first suspension assembly, and a second subframe couplable within the cavity, the second subframe including a second motor and a second suspension assembly, the second motor having a greater power than the first motor, the second suspension assembly having a greater stiffness than the first suspension assembly.

A parallel cell based mobility production system is disclosed. The system includes a serial production line composed of a plurality of cells arranged in series, and through which the vehicles of various types are sequentially passed to be processed. The system further includes a parallel production line composed of a plurality of sublines arranged in parallel, wherein each subline is provided with the plurality of cells arranged in series and matched for each vehicle type, and in which a vehicle passing through the serial production line is fed to a corresponding subline for each vehicle type. Furthermore, the system includes an inspection line in which the vehicles of various types passing through the parallel production line are sequentially fed.

A parallel cell based mobility production system is disclosed. The system includes a serial production line composed of a plurality of cells arranged in series, and through which the vehicles of various types are sequentially passed to be processed. The system further includes a parallel production line composed of a plurality of sublines arranged in parallel, wherein each subline is provided with the plurality of cells arranged in series and matched for each vehicle type, and in which a vehicle passing through the serial production line is fed to a corresponding subline for each vehicle type. Furthermore, the system includes an inspection line in which the vehicles of various types passing through the parallel production line are sequentially fed.

A user-assemblable vehicle including: a platform module forming a bottom surface of the vehicle, and including a floor part provided with a power driving part and front and rear wheel parts provided on front and rear parts of the floor part, respectively; a front module coupled to a front part of the platform module to form a front part of the vehicle; a rear module coupled to a rear part of the platform module to form a rear part of the vehicle; and a cabin module having a space for accommodating passengers, being coupled to a rear end of the front module at a front end and coupled to a front end of the rear module at a rear end, and supported by the floor part of the platform module at a lower end when the cabin module slides from a side to an opposite side of the vehicle.

A user-assemblable vehicle including: a platform module forming a bottom surface of the vehicle, and including a floor part provided with a power driving part and front and rear wheel parts provided on front and rear parts of the floor part, respectively; a front module coupled to a front part of the platform module to form a front part of the vehicle; a rear module coupled to a rear part of the platform module to form a rear part of the vehicle; and a cabin module having a space for accommodating passengers, being coupled to a rear end of the front module at a front end and coupled to a front end of the rear module at a rear end, and supported by the floor part of the platform module at a lower end when the cabin module slides from a side to an opposite side of the vehicle.

A positioning tool is disclosed that is configured for use with a front-end module (FEM) of a vehicle to align the FEM with a hood of the vehicle. The positioning tool includes: a body; a receiving member that is connected to the body and configured for engagement with the hood of the vehicle; and at least one engagement member that is supported by the body. The at least one engagement member is configured to interface with the FEM such that movement of the positioning tool causes corresponding movement of the FEM, whereby the FEM is aligned relative to the hood of the vehicle upon closure of the hood of the vehicle.

A positioning tool is disclosed that is configured for use with a front-end module (FEM) of a vehicle to align the FEM with a hood of the vehicle. The positioning tool includes: a body; a receiving member that is connected to the body and configured for engagement with the hood of the vehicle; and at least one engagement member that is supported by the body. The at least one engagement member is configured to interface with the FEM such that movement of the positioning tool causes corresponding movement of the FEM, whereby the FEM is aligned relative to the hood of the vehicle upon closure of the hood of the vehicle.

A system for detachably coupling subassemblies to vehicles or other components is discussed herein. The system can include one or more driveshafts and worm drives to drive fasteners to couple the subassembly to the vehicle. The system can enable drive interfaces located in a substantially conventional location (e.g., located vertically on the bottom of the vehicle) to drive fasteners horizontally into the body or other subassembly. In this manner, fasteners can be hidden and to utilize blind holes in the body of the vehicle. The system can be partially disassembled in situ to enable parts replacement and fastener access in the event of a failure. The system can be used in conjunction with a robotic cart to enable subassemblies to be removed from the vehicle for service and repair. A portion of the system can also act as a portion of, or to reinforce, the crash structure of the vehicle.