Systems and methods for operating an electric motor of a two-wheeled vehicle. One method includes detecting a position of a drive torque control included in the vehicle, detecting a position of a regenerative brake control included in the vehicle, mapping the detected position of the drive torque control to a requested driving torque, mapping the position of the regenerative brake control to a requested braking torque, determining, with an electronic control unit, a torque command based on the requested driving torque and the requested torque, and transmitting the torque command to an electric motor included in the vehicle.

Systems and methods for operating an electric motor of a two-wheeled vehicle. One method includes detecting a position of a drive torque control included in the vehicle, detecting a position of a regenerative brake control included in the vehicle, mapping the detected position of the drive torque control to a requested driving torque, mapping the position of the regenerative brake control to a requested braking torque, determining, with an electronic control unit, a torque command based on the requested driving torque and the requested torque, and transmitting the torque command to an electric motor included in the vehicle.

Disclosed herein is a symmetric bicycle. Accordingly, the symmetric bicycle may include a bicycle frame, a bicycle handle, a plurality of bicycle wheels, and a crank assembly. Further, the bicycle frame may include a seat member, a down member, a top member, and a head member. Further, the bicycle handle may be coupled to the bicycle frame. Further, the plurality of bicycle wheels may be coupled to the bicycle frame. Further, the plurality of bicycle wheels may include at least one front bicycle wheel and at least one rear bicycle wheel. Further, the crank assembly may be coupled with at least one of the at least one front bicycle wheel and the at least one rear bicycle wheel for propelling the symmetric bicycle. Further, the crank assembly may include a crank wheel symmetrically disposed along a vertical plane passing through the seat member.

A rider operates a driving source switching lever to switch an operation mode to a normal traveling mode or an auxiliary moving mode. During the normal traveling mode, a motorcycle travels by a driving force generated by an engine. During the auxiliary moving mode, the motorcycle moves at a low speed by a driving force generated by a vehicle driving motor. When the rider operates a forward-backward movement operator during the auxiliary moving mode to put the forward-backward movement operator in a forward movement instruction state, the vehicle driving motor is controlled such that the motorcycle moves forward. When the rider operates the forward-backward movement operator during the auxiliary moving mode to put the forward-backward movement operator in a backward movement instruction state, the vehicle driving motor is controlled such that the motorcycle moves backward.

A rider operates a driving source switching lever to switch an operation mode to a normal traveling mode or an auxiliary moving mode. During the normal traveling mode, a motorcycle travels by a driving force generated by an engine. During the auxiliary moving mode, the motorcycle moves at a low speed by a driving force generated by a vehicle driving motor. When the rider operates a forward-backward movement operator during the auxiliary moving mode to put the forward-backward movement operator in a forward movement instruction state, the vehicle driving motor is controlled such that the motorcycle moves forward. When the rider operates the forward-backward movement operator during the auxiliary moving mode to put the forward-backward movement operator in a backward movement instruction state, the vehicle driving motor is controlled such that the motorcycle moves backward.

A vehicle for a person to ride on a ground surface includes a frame that has a front end and a rear end. The frame supports a seat on a top side of the frame and a steering mechanism proximate the front end of the frame for allowing the person to steer a front wheel. A frame extension has a front end pivotally fixed proximate the rear end of the frame and includes two rear wheels projecting laterally away therefrom. At least one of the rear wheels is coupled with a motor through a transmission to drive the vehicle. In use, the frame extension and rear wheels are pivoted forward to place the vehicle in a collapsed configuration for storage. To use the vehicle, the frame extension is pivoted backward to place the vehicle in an operating configuration. Preferably the motor and transmission are disposed between the two rear wheels.

A throttle assembly (26) for a vehicle (20) having a handlebar (22) with a grip (36) extending along a grip axis (GA). A housing (42) is adapted for attachment to the handlebar (22) adjacent to the grip (36) and defines a housing axis (UA) adapted to be substantially parallel to the grip axis (GA). A link (48) is slidably supported by the housing (42) between a first link end (48A) and a second link end (48B). A thumb trigger (44) is coupled to the first link end (48A) and moves with the link (48) between first and second trigger positions (44A, 44B). A track mechanism (50) operatively attached to the housing (42) and to the second link end (48B) of the link (48) guides the link (48) along a curvilinear path (54A) such that movement of the thumb trigger (44) to the second trigger position (44B) slides the thumb trigger (44) away from the housing (42) with the thumb trigger (44) traversing the housing axis (UA) during at least a portion of the movement between the first and second trigger positions (44A, 44B).

A vehicle includes a propulsion power source, a handlebar, an output adjusting grip, and a torque operation member. The handlebar is operable to steer the vehicle. The output adjusting grip is disposed on either a right or left portion of the handlebar operably so that an output level of the propulsion power source is adjusted by rotating the output adjusting grip relative to the handlebar. The torque operation member is operable to issue a command to change a torque output characteristic of the propulsion power source. The torque operation member is disposed on the same right or left portion of the handlebar with the output adjusting grip rotatably integrally with the output adjusting grip.

A vehicle includes a propulsion power source, a handlebar, an output adjusting grip, and a torque operation member. The handlebar is operable to steer the vehicle. The output adjusting grip is disposed on either a right or left portion of the handlebar operably so that an output level of the propulsion power source is adjusted by rotating the output adjusting grip relative to the handlebar. The torque operation member is operable to issue a command to change a torque output characteristic of the propulsion power source. The torque operation member is disposed on the same right or left portion of the handlebar with the output adjusting grip rotatably integrally with the output adjusting grip.

To provide a parking brake apparatus for a saddled vehicle actuated in response to a reverse rotation on a throttle grip which is set in a simplified structure. A parking brake apparatus for a saddled vehicle includes a parking brake caliper configured to restrict a rotation of a rear wheel while the motorcycle is parked; a steering handle configured to steer a front wheel; and a throttle grip mounted on the steering handle and configured to control output of a power unit. The control unit actuates the parking brake caliper by a motor when at least the throttle grip is reversely rotated and the vehicle speed is zero. The throttle grip being reversely rotated is detected according to information from a throttle position sensor which is interlocked with the throttle grip.