An example aircraft wing includes a first skin, a second skin opposite to the first skin, and a composite spar. The composite spar includes a double-flanged spar cap, a single-flanged spar cap, a spar web connecting the double-flanged spar cap and the single-flanged spar cap, and a tear strap. The double-flanged spar cap includes an inward-facing flange and a first outward-facing flange, and the inward-facing flange and the first outward-facing flange are integrated with the first skin during a co-curing process. The single-flanged spar cap includes a second outward-facing flange that is attached to the second skin. The tear strap is stitched to an inner side of the spar web along at least a portion of a length of the composite spar.

Embodiments are directed to an aircraft fuselage comprises two keel beams and two roof beams. Each keel beam is formed as a single component having no joints. Each keel beam comprises a first portion that is configured to define a floor of an aircraft and a second portion that is configured to define a tail section of an aircraft. The second portion is positioned at an angle relative to the first portion. Each roof beam is coupled to the second portion of a corresponding keel beam at a point remote from the first portion. Each roof beam and a corresponding keel beam are positioned along a single butt line relative to an aircraft fuselage centerline. Frame members are coupled to both keel beams and both roof beams.

A method includes making a first structure with a first plurality of pre-drilled holes at pre-defined locations, making a second structure with a second plurality of pre-drilled holes at pre-defined locations, making a third structure without pre-drilled full-size holes, measuring the location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures, determining the location of a third plurality of holes to be drilled in the third structure that correspond to first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes measured in the first and second structures, creating a program to drill the third plurality of holes in the third structure that align with the measured location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures based on the measure location and orientation of the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structure, drilling the third plurality of holes in the third structure based on the program, positioning the third structure on the first and second structures such that the third plurality of holes in the third structure are aligned with the first and second plurality of pre-drilled holes in the first and second structures, and inserting fasteners through the third plurality of holes and the first and second plurality of predrilled holes that are aligned with the third plurality of holes to secure the second structure to the first structure using the third structure.

A box structural arrangement (1) for an aircraft including first (2) and second composite layers (3), at least one spar web (4) extended between opposite edges of the first and second composite layers (2, 3) along a longitudinal direction, and a conduit piece (5) extended between opposite edges of the first and second composite layers (2, 3). The conduit piece (5) has a hollow section (6) comprising at least one conduit (7) dimensioned to receive pipes or harnesses and surrounded by a resilient material (8). The conduit piece (5) is mounted on the spar web (4) to provide a channeled box structural arrangement (1). The box structural arrangement can be applicable in a torsion box or a wing. The invention further refers to a method for manufacturing the box structural arrangement for an aircraft.

A method of manufacturing a panel assembly includes supporting the panel assembly in a free state using a holding fixture. The panel assembly has a skin panel, and sacrificial material coupled to a skin panel inner surface. The method includes acquiring a free state outer surface contour of the panel assembly by scanning a skin panel outer surface while the panel assembly is supported by the holding fixture. The method also includes developing a numerically controlled (NC) machining program having cutter paths configured for machining the interface locations to an inner surface contour that reflects nominal thicknesses of the panel assembly based off of the free state outer surface contour. In addition, the method includes machining the sacrificial material at the interface locations by moving a cutter along the cutter paths while the panel assembly is supported by the holding fixture.

Tooling for manufacturing multi-spar torsion boxes with different web heights, the tooling includes a mandrel module having a hollow beam geometry which comprises a first base and a second base opposite to the first base, and two walls extending between said first base and said second base, and at least one spacer module configured for coupling with the mandrel module, wherein the web height of a multi-spar torsion box is defined by the coupling between the mandrel module and at least one spacer module. A method for manufacturing multi-spar torsion boxes with different web heights.

A method of manufacturing a cured composite structure includes placing a radius filler element into a radius cavity extending along a length of a composite base member. The radius filler element is formed of a permeable material. The method also includes absorbing resin from the composite base member into the permeable material of the radius filler element. The method additionally includes curing or solidifying the resin in the radius filler element and in the composite base member to form a cured composite structure in which the resin bonds the radius filler element to the composite base member.

A composite structural member including at least one first flange element made from a first composite material, and at least one first web element made from a second composite material. The at least one first web element is connected to at least one first flange element in a non-coplanar manner along a corresponding mutual first edge via a first corner element made from a third composite material, the mutual first edge extending along a first direction. The third composite material includes a corresponding first plurality of third composite material first fibers and a corresponding second plurality of third composite material second fibers embedded in a corresponding third composite material matrix in a non-parallel orientation with respect to the third composite material first fibers, wherein the third composite material first fibers are nominally orthogonal to the mutual first edge or to the first direction.

A method of manufacturing a shim and related systems and equipment. A mechanical tool inserted into a shim space defined between two or more components with the mechanical tool in a first configuration. The mechanical tool is free of measurement electronics. The mechanical tool, while in the shim space, is modified such that the mechanical tool assumes a second configuration to establish a plurality of model points corresponding to a boundary surface of the shim space. The mechanical tool is removed from the shim space while maintaining the mechanical tool in the second configuration. Using a measurement station distinct from the tool, the positions of the model points are electronically measured while the mechanical tool is both disposed outside of the shim space and in the second configuration. Machining instructions are generated based on the measured positions. A shim is fabricated based on the generated machining instructions.

Methods and apparatuses may include a stiffened beam assembly including a structural beam portion having a web and upper and lower flanges, and at least one continuous stiffening member extending back and forth between the upper and lower flanges on one side of the web, forming one or more trusses or other reinforcing structures. The beam portion and/or the stiffening member(s) may comprise formed sheet metal. The stiffening member(s) may be mechanically attached to the beam portion.