In an example, a composite stringer is described. The composite stringer includes a composite stringer and a base flange. The composite stringer includes a top flange, a first skin flange and a second skin flange configured to be coupled to a support structure, a first web extending between the first skin flange and a first side of the top flange, and a second web extending between the second skin flange and a second side of the top flange. The support structure includes at least one of a skin of a vehicle or a base charge. The base flange includes a bottom surface extending between the first skin flange and the second skin flange. The bottom surface of the base flange is configured to be coupled to the support structure. The base flange also includes a top surface extending between the first web and the second web.

An example aircraft wing includes a skin, a composite shear tie, a stringer base charge overlaying the skin, and a stringer overlaying the stringer base charge. The composite shear tie includes a shear-tie web, a first shear-tie flange extending from a first side of the shear-tie web, a second shear-tie flange extending from a second side of the shear-tie web, and a first shear-tie tab extending from an end of the first side of the shear-tie web. The stringer includes a stringer web, a first stringer flange extending from a first side of the stringer web, and a second stringer flange extending from a second side of the stringer web. The first stringer flange is stitched to and integrated with the stringer base charge and the skin. Further, the first shear-tie flange is stitched to and integrated with the first stringer flange.

A trailing edge for a composite multispar integrated lifting surface includes a first C-shape composite form that includes a web and two flanges. The web forming a portion of the rear spar of a torsion box. The two flanges extending along a skin chordwise direction. A second C-shape composite form includes a web and two flanges. The web forms an auxiliary spar. The flanges extend along the skin chordwise direction. The first C-shape composite form and the second C-shape composite form forming a first auxiliary cell and a second cell. The first auxiliary cell is delimited by the first C-shape composite form and the second C-shape composite form. The second cell is an open cell delimited by the second C-shape composite form.

A wing assembly includes a center wing structure and a pair of outer wing structures. The center wing structure includes a center wing front spar, a center wing rear spar, and an engine mounting location on each side of a wing centerline. Each outer wing structure includes an outer wing front and rear spar configured to be coupled respectively to the center wing front and rear spar to define a wing joint coupling the outer wing structure to the center wing structure. The center wing structure is configured such that the spar terminal ends of the center wing front and rear spars at each wing joint are located no further inboard than an engine centerline associated with the engine mounting location, and no further outboard of the engine centerline than ten percent of a distance between the engine centerline and the wing centerline.

A wing assembly include at least one fuel tank having a tank outboard end. In addition, the wing assembly includes a stout wing rib located proximate the tank outboard end and extending between a front spar and a rear spar. The wing assembly also includes at least one outboard wing rib located outboard of the stout wing rib and defining an outboard wing bay. The wing assembly also includes an upper skin panel and a lower skin panel each coupled to the front spar, the rear spar, the stout wing rib, and the outboard wing rib. A plurality of bead stiffeners are coupled to the upper skin panel and/or the lower skin panel and are spaced apart from each other within the outboard wing bay.

There is provided a method of manufacturing a composite structure of an aircraft. The composite structure includes a skin and a reinforcing material. The method includes, by stacking unhardened composite sheets on a region of a jig adjacent to a holding portion to hold the reinforcing material, forming a skin inner layer including a retainer to retain two end portions of a flange of the reinforcing material in a width direction of the flange. The method includes installing the reinforcing material at the holding portion of the jig so that the two end portions abut upon the retainer. The method includes, by stacking unhardened composite sheets on an outer surface of the flange and on an outer surface of the skin inner layer, forming a skin outer layer. The method includes hardening the skin inner layer and the skin outer layer.

A method of sealing an aircraft wing vent stringer may include placing a movable sealant sled in a vent stringer cavity of an aircraft wing. The sealant sled may include a sealant source configured to apply sealant to a wing portion within the vent stringer. The sealant sled may be transported through the cavity in a longitudinal direction defined by the wing, thereby applying a layer of sealant to the wing. In some cases, vent stringer may be abraded and/or washed before sealing. In some cases, two or more layers of sealant may be applied, one of which may be a secondary fuel barrier.

The invention provides an integrated aircraft structure, such as a fuselage, with reinforcing elements in areas of the structure that need them because they have openings or are subjected to high loads. The structure comprises a skin, a plurality of stringers and a plurality of frames with mouseholes for the passage of stringers at their crossing zones. The reinforcing elements are configured with a suitable shape to be superimposed to the stringers in said areas. A manufacturing processes of said integrated aircraft structure is also provided.

The present invention provides an aircraft structure comprising a structural component and a set of reinforcing straps for reinforcing the structural component, wherein the set comprises a first reinforcing strap having an inner and outer surface, wherein the inner surface is attached to a first surface of the structural component such that the first reinforcing strap extends longitudinally along the structural component and a second reinforcing strap having an inner and outer surface, wherein the inner surface is attached to the outer surface of the first reinforcing strap such that the second reinforcing strap extends longitudinally along the first reinforcing strap. The invention also provides an aircraft, a method of reinforcing an aircraft structure and a method of inspecting an aircraft structure.

A composite structure includes a first composite material, a second composite material bonded to the first composite material, and a corner fillet part provided at a corner part formed by the first composite material and the second composite material. In the composite structure, the rigidity of the corner fillet part is adjustable, and a pull-off stress to be applied to the corner part is adjusted by adjusting the rigidity of the corner fillet part. The pull-off stress to be applied to the corner part is adjusted to be decreased by adjusting the rigidity of the corner fillet part to be decreased.