A modular resistance force system includes an axle configured to be rotatable around a rotational axis and one or more resistance mechanisms. Each of the one or more resistance mechanisms includes a resistance element disposed about a portion of the axle, a resistance element housing configured to house the resistance element and a resistance substance disposed between the resistance element and the resistance element housing. Either the resistance element or the resistance element housing is selectively engaged to rotate with the axle. A resistance between the resistance element and the resistance substance causes a force to be applied to the axle when the resistance element and the resistance element housing move relative to each other.

Described herein are devices and systems relating to sports training equipment, for example, for baseball. These devices and systems can comprise a mat with markers identifying a plurality of positions on the mat. In some embodiments, the system can comprise removably attachable footpads to identify ideal foot positions for an athletic performance. In some embodiments, the footpads comprise one or more pressure sensors. The system can comprise one or more position sensors on a ball, and one or more position sensors removably attachable to a hand-held sports instrument. In some embodiments, the system can comprise a memory, communicatively coupled to a processor and a camera, with executable instructions to implement a set-up component, a user recognition component, a practice component, and instructional component, and a play component.

In a first aspect, a system for monitoring a swing is provided that includes (1) a swing measurement device adapted to couple to a swinging object and to output a signal indicative of a characteristic of the swinging object; (2) a wireless transmitter coupled to the swing measurement device and adapted to wirelessly transmit the signal output by the swing measurement device; and (3) a wireless device adapted to receive the wirelessly transmitted signal and to provide information regarding the swinging object based on the received signal. The wireless device is a cellular telephone or personal digital assistant (PDA). Numerous other aspects are provided.

In a first aspect, a system for monitoring a swing is provided that includes (1) a swing measurement device adapted to couple to a swinging object and to output a signal indicative of a characteristic of the swinging object; (2) a wireless transmitter coupled to the swing measurement device and adapted to wirelessly transmit the signal output by the swing measurement device; and (3) a wireless device adapted to receive the wirelessly transmitted signal and to provide information regarding the swinging object based on the received signal. The wireless device is a cellular telephone or personal digital assistant (PDA). Numerous other aspects are provided.

A muscle activating and exercising device and a method of activating and exercising muscles of the human body. The device includes an outer material and at least one flexible inner material. The device is an elongated device that is pliable enough to be wrapped around an object. The device also has an outer surface that creates a frictional fit between the device and the wrapped object. The wrapped object could be, for example, a wrist or ankle on a human limb or a location on a portion of sports equipment (e.g., a lacrosse stick, baseball bat, hockey stick, golf club or tennis racket). The method includes a method of activating muscles using the device. Through such a method, a user can, for example. build muscle strength and/or reduce muscle tremors.

A muscle activating and exercising device and a method of activating and exercising muscles of the human body. The device includes an outer material and at least one flexible inner material. The device is an elongated device that is pliable enough to be wrapped around an object. The device also has an outer surface that creates a frictional fit between the device and the wrapped object. The wrapped object could be, for example, a wrist or ankle on a human limb or a location on a portion of sports equipment (e.g., a lacrosse stick, baseball bat, hockey stick, golf club or tennis racket). The method includes a method of activating muscles using the device. Through such a method, a user can, for example. build muscle strength and/or reduce muscle tremors.

A cueing device or system includes one or more sensors configured to take measurement data for one or more participants in an activity. A processor in communication with the sensors analyzes the measurement data to detect events associated with the environment and participants, extracts attributes associated with the events from the measurement data, predicts a movement outcome associated with one of the events based on the attributes, and generates one or more instructions based on the predicted movement outcome. A cue administrator generates one or more anticipatory cues based on the instructions generated by the processor. The cues are administered as cue stimuli encoding timing and magnitude information selected to reduce response time for recognition of the event.

A cueing device or system includes one or more sensors configured to take measurement data for one or more participants in an activity. A processor in communication with the sensors analyzes the measurement data to detect events associated with the environment and participants, extracts attributes associated with the events from the measurement data, predicts a movement outcome associated with one of the events based on the attributes, and generates one or more instructions based on the predicted movement outcome. A cue administrator generates one or more anticipatory cues based on the instructions generated by the processor. The cues are administered as cue stimuli encoding timing and magnitude information selected to reduce response time for recognition of the event.

A tennis practice assembly for enhancing hand eye coordination during tennis practice includes a practice tennis ball that has a diameter which is less than a traditional tennis ball. In this way the practice tennis ball can enhance hand-eye coordination of a tennis player during tennis practice. The practice tennis ball has a diameter ranging between approximately 1.5 inches and 2.5 inches. In this way the practice tennis ball is large enough to be used for practicing tennis while being smaller than a traditional tennis ball. The practice tennis ball has ornamental indicia printed thereon for enhancing the ornamental appearance of the practice tennis ball.

A tennis practice assembly for enhancing hand eye coordination during tennis practice includes a practice tennis ball that has a diameter which is less than a traditional tennis ball. In this way the practice tennis ball can enhance hand-eye coordination of a tennis player during tennis practice. The practice tennis ball has a diameter ranging between approximately 1.5 inches and 2.5 inches. In this way the practice tennis ball is large enough to be used for practicing tennis while being smaller than a traditional tennis ball. The practice tennis ball has ornamental indicia printed thereon for enhancing the ornamental appearance of the practice tennis ball.