A sport ball includes a casing formed from a plurality of panels joined together at a plurality of seams. Each of the plurality of panels includes (a) a first layer having a first thickness, formed from a polymer material, and positioned to form a portion of an exterior surface of the sport ball; (b) a second layer having a second thickness, formed from a polymer foam material, and positioned inward and adjacent to the first layer; and (c) a third layer positioned inward and adjacent to the second layer. The first layer defines a first indentation therein. The first layer is bonded directly to the third layer at the first indentation, and the first indentation has a first indentation thickness equal to a sum of the first thickness and the second thickness. The sport ball also includes a bladder located within the casing.

A training apparatus having a base and an upright collision surface which is configured to pivot relative to the base about a transverse axis or configured in relation to the base to provide at least one predetermined limited degree of freedom of movement between the base and the collision surface and/or configured to rotate about an upright axis provides enables development of improved technique for collisions in contact sports such as American Football. The collision surface being is moveable and/or rotatable relative to the base mimics, in a controlled environment, a common configuration of a collision, whereby players can train on the most effective collision techniques, including enhancing power and strength direction of approach and, maintaining power at a required height against a contact surface arranged at a predetermined angle.

An athletic training system (200) has a data recording system (202) and a data engine (204). The data recording system (202) is configured to record an athletic competition event. The event may have a first team of players competing against a second team of players. The data engine (204) is configured to receive data associated with the recorded athletic competition event. The data engine (204) processes the data and displays the data as a replay of the event in animated form.

Virtual and augmented reality sports training environments are disclosed. A user interacts with virtual players in a simulated environment of a virtual reality sporting event. In some embodiments, the user's actions and decisions are monitored by the simulated environment. The environment evaluates the user's performance, and provides quantitative scoring based on the user's decisions and timing. Coaches and other users may design customized scenarios or plays to train and test users, and the resultant scores may be reviewed by the coach. In one application, real life pitchers and their pitching data are tracked and replicated in a simulated pitching environment. A team of users may practice against a simulation of a pitcher they are about to compete against, swinging at pitches that they would see in a real game. Such environments may maximize effective practice time for users, and help develop better players with improved decision-making skills.

A shoe has a sensor system operably connected to a communication port. Performance data is collected by the system and can be transferred for further use via the communication port. The shoe may contain an electronic module configured to gather data from the sensors. The module may also transmit the data to an external device for further processing. Users can use the collected data for a variety of different uses or applications.

A tackle shield is provided having a body defining a front contact surface and a rear holding surface. The shield includes one or two or more of the following features of: two opposing lugs laterally disposed on the body; the body having an angled or curved profile such that the front contact surface has an upper forward projection and a lower forward projection and a recess therebetween; or the body has a central portion which has at the rear surface of the central portion, a holding zone in which gripping or holding members are disposed.

A tackle training system defines a frame configured for attachment to a player's body. The frame has an upper portion, a lower portion, and a center portion extending therebetween. The upper portion defines at least one attachment structure extending downwardly toward the lower portion, and the lower portion defines at least one attachment structure extending upwardly toward the upper portion generally vertically aligned with the attachment structure of the upper portion. The opposing attachment structures are for contacting opposing ends of a bar so as to removably attach and extend the bar between the upper and lower portions. The attachment structures of the frame limit movement of the removable bar generally to that of the frame and allow release of the removable bar from the frame when a force that overcomes an attachment force provided by the attachment structures is applied to the removable bar.

A universal athleticism rating system and related athletic performance measuring systems for accurately detecting and recording athletic performance are disclosed. The athleticism rating system evaluates individual athletes against a common, standardized, set of athletic performance tests. Each athlete performs the athletic tests and his or her scores in the individual tests are entered into a standardized calculation to produce a single athletic performance score. The related performance measuring system is preferably a timing system that ensures quick, easy, and accurate collection of athletic event timing related data without the need for the athlete to wear any special detection devices or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the performance measuring system integrates with the rating system to provide seamless athletic data collection and rating of athletes.

A system simultaneously tracks multiple objects. All or a subset of the objects includes a wireless receiver and a transmitter for providing an output. The system includes one or more wireless transmitters that send commands to the wireless receivers of the multiple objects instructing different subsets of the multiple objects to output (via their respective transmitter) at different times. The system also includes object sensors that receive output from the transmitters of the multiple objects and a computer system in communication with the object sensors. The computer system calculates locations of the multiple objects based on the sensed output from the multiple objects.

A device has a lightweight inner bladder and an outer layer that covers the inner bladder. The inner bladder bunches up, crunches, becomes pleated, folded or the like against the inner surface of the outer layer. The bunched up surface of the inner bladder may be flattened and/or reconfigured upon impact, thereby absorbing energy. The bunched up inner bladder may create an uneven surface on the outer layer thereby altering the manner through which the device travels through the air. The device may be configured for any of a variety of sports or games such as, for example, a simulated soccer ball, football, rugby ball, baseball and/or softball, a tennis ball, a beachball or other oversized ball, a golf ball, a flying disc, a weighted punching bag, or any of a wide variety of devices for play and/or training.