A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112) and contains multiple variable-color cells (404), each extending to a part (406) of the zone. The cells normally appear along their parts of the zone as a principal color. Each cell that meets cellular threshold impact criteria in response to an object (104) impacting the zone at an object-contact area (116) temporarily becomes a criteria-meeting cell that temporarily appears along its part of the zone as changed color materially different from the principal color. A group of less than all the cells usually constitute criteria-meeting cells. The surface parts of the criteria-meeting cells form a print area (118) that closely matches the object-contact area in size, shape, and location. The color-change capability helps in making in/out calls in sports such as tennis.

A method for motion data processing includes: sensing a plurality of motion data of football player by a magnetic football and magnetic sensors; according to the motion data, analyzing the player's motion trajectory by a processing chip, and identifying whether the player's kicking motion is sliding tackle, smashing or dribbling.

A method of assembling a sports training ball includes locating at least one force sensor in the sports training ball for measuring an elevated force applied to the sports training ball. The sports training ball includes an outer surface that surrounds an inner core. An indicator is located in the sports training ball. The indicator is in electrical communication with at least one force sensor and is configured to receive a change in an electrical signal when the elevated force measured by at least one force sensor decreases below a predetermined elevated threshold. The indicator is configured to indicate to a user when the indicator receives the change in the electrical signal with a change in at least one of an audio signal or a visual signal.

The shallow water volleyball net anchoring system may be inserted into the ground to hold a pole for a volleyball net. The shallow water volleyball net anchoring system will generally be used in pairs of two to hold each end of a volleyball net. The anchoring system incorporates a sliding hammer that eases the task of driving the anchoring system thru the shallow water into the ground. The same sliding hammer may also be used to remove the anchoring system from the ground. With the anchoring system in the ground, a pole of a volleyball net may be placed in a central hole on the top of the anchor system and the anchoring system will hold the pole erect and stable.

The invention provides a face shield for sports activities. The face shield comprises a facial covering shield, a plurality of foam pads, a nose shield portion and a pair of detachable straps. The facial covering shield has a pair of eye openings. The pair of detachable straps around the cheek and the forehead are fully adjustable and provide a comfortable and secure fit for the user. The nose shield portion protects the user's nose from injuries. The plurality of foam pads includes a pair of forehead pads and a pair of cheek pads, and, the plurality of foam pads are removable and reusable and can be adjusted to desired position to create perfect fit for the user's face. The design of the face shield is more unique and fits on the top of the forehead and leaves plenty of space and protects the eye portion and reduces and eliminates vision problems.

A volleyball training device for practicing spiking of a volleyball includes a base that is configured to position on a substantially horizontal surface. A plurality of nested rods, which is selectively vertically extensible, is coupled to and extends perpendicularly from a first end of the base. A first rod is coupled to and extends perpendicularly from an upper end of the nested rods. The first rod is opposed to the base. A coupler is coupled to and extends downwardly from the first rod distal from the nested rods. A lattice is selectively couplable to and extends from the plurality of nested rods. The lattice is selectively positionable between the base and the coupler. The coupler is configured to selectively couple to a volleyball to position the volleyball to be spiked by a user. The lattice is configured to simulate a volleyball net.

An exercise training system is provided having a system controller and a plurality of stimulant target units connected via a wireless network to the system controller. Each stimulant target unit has a light source providing light to stimulate a user, a proximity sensor providing an output of a distance between the proximity sensor and an object external to the unit, and means for providing feedback to the user to signal that the unit has been actuated by the user. The system controller includes a program for activating the stimulant target units in a sequence. The reaction by the user to the illumination is registered when the user brings a body part or other object to within a selected distance of the proximity sensor, this distance being programmable by the user.

A variable-color region (106) of an information-presentation structure extends to an exposed surface (102) at a surface zone (112), normally appears along it as a principal color, and includes impact-sensitive color-change structure (132) and duration-extension structure (242). A segment (142) of the impact-sensitive color-change structure responds to an object (104) impacting the zone at an object-contact area (116) by causing an impact-dependent portion (138) of the variable-color region to temporarily appear along a print area (118) of the zone as changed color materially different from the principal color if the impact meets threshold impact criteria. The print area closely matches the object-contact area in size, shape, and location. The duration-extension structure responds to the impact by causing the impact-sensitive color-change structure to deform along an internal deformation area (288). This causes the time duration of the impact-dependent portion appearing as the changed color to be controllably extended.

A sport training apparatus can have a stand with a base and a post attached to the base. A target member can be removably and pivotally coupled to a bearing assembly at a proximal end of the post, so that the angular orientation of the target member relative to the post is selectively adjustable. The target member can optionally include a hoop with a circular opening sized to receive a ball therethrough. The target member can optionally include an arc with a semicircular opening configured to receive a ball therethrough. The target member can optionally include a plurality of elongate flaps, the plurality of flaps can indicate a jumping height of a user when struck and rotated by the user hand. The target member can include a plurality of pads can deflect a ball that strikes the one or more pads. A sport training kit can include the stand and multiple target members, such as those described above.

Systems and methods for sensing and monitoring various athletic performance metrics, e.g., during the course of a game, a practice, a training session, training drills, and the like, are described. These systems and methods can provide useful metrics for players and coaches relating to athletic performances in various sports, including various team sports.