The invention relates to a system for distributing and dispensing liquids, the system comprising a plurality of re-usable containers, each container comprising a removable closure arranged to engage with a neck of the container, the closure comprising a liquid flow passage extending through the closure; and a dip tube fluidly connected to or forming the liquid flow passage of the closure and extending into the container. The system further comprises a dispensing assembly comprising a dispensing pump, a dispensing tube fluidly connected to the dispensing pump, and a connector arranged to releasably engage with the closure so as to fluidly connect the dispensing tube to the liquid flow passage of the closure. The removable closure is a tamper-proof or tamper-evident closure, arranged to deter or prevent removal of the closure by an unauthorised person. A method for distributing and dispensing liquids using the inventive system is further provided. A further aspect relates to a hand-held displacement pump for use with the system and method of the present invention.

The present invention provides a member which makes is possible to obtain excellent residue defect inhibition properties and excellent bridge defect inhibition properties of a chemical liquid in a case where the member is brought into contact with the chemical liquid. The present invention also provides a container, a chemical liquid storage body, a reactor, a distillation column, a filter unit, a storage tank, a pipe line, and a chemical liquid manufacturing method. The member according to an embodiment of the present invention is a member that will be brought into contact with a chemical liquid. A surface of the member is constituted with stainless steel containing chromium atoms and iron atoms. In a case where an atomic ratio of the chromium atoms to the iron atoms is measured from the surface of the member to a position 10 nm below the surface in a depth direction, a maximum value of the atomic ratio is found in a region extending 3 nm from the surface of the member in the depth direction. The maximum value is 0.5 to 3.0, and an average surface roughness of the surface of the member is equal to or lower than 10 nm.

The present invention provides a member which makes is possible to obtain excellent residue defect inhibition properties and excellent bridge defect inhibition properties of a chemical liquid in a case where the member is brought into contact with the chemical liquid. The present invention also provides a container, a chemical liquid storage body, a reactor, a distillation column, a filter unit, a storage tank, a pipe line, and a chemical liquid manufacturing method. The member according to an embodiment of the present invention is a member that will be brought into contact with a chemical liquid. A surface of the member is constituted with stainless steel containing chromium atoms and iron atoms. In a case where an atomic ratio of the chromium atoms to the iron atoms is measured from the surface of the member to a position 10 nm below the surface in a depth direction, a maximum value of the atomic ratio is found in a region extending 3 nm from the surface of the member in the depth direction. The maximum value is 0.5 to 3.0, and an average surface roughness of the surface of the member is equal to or lower than 10 nm.

Shipping containers for batteries are described herein. An example shipping container includes a base defining a cavity, a lid to be coupled to a top of the base to substantially seal the cavity, and an absorbent pad disposed within the cavity to absorb liquid from the battery if the battery leaks.

Shipping containers for batteries are described herein. An example shipping container includes a base defining a cavity, a lid to be coupled to a top of the base to substantially seal the cavity, and an absorbent pad disposed within the cavity to absorb liquid from the battery if the battery leaks.

A method for manufacturing a lithium hydroxide powder includes a pulverizing step of pulverizing coarse particles of lithium hydroxide to obtain lithium hydroxide powder; and a carbonation-suppressing step of storing the lithium hydroxide powder in an airtight container in an atmosphere satisfying requirements (1) and (2).

(1) A partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas is 100 Pa or less with respect to a total amount of gas present in the airtight container.

(2) A relative humidity in the airtight container is 60% or less.

Provided is a surface treated steel sheet for a fuel tank, the surface treated steel sheet including: a Zn plated layer or a ZnNi alloy plated layer which is formed on at least a surface of the steel sheet to be an inner surface of the fuel tank; and a chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer containing a water-and-oil repellent, the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer being placed over the Zn plated layer or the ZnNi alloy plated layer on the surface to be the inner surface of the fuel tank. A water contact angle on a surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 70 degrees and an n-hexadecane contact angle on the surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees.

Provided is a surface treated steel sheet for a fuel tank, the surface treated steel sheet including: a Zn plated layer or a ZnNi alloy plated layer which is formed on at least a surface of the steel sheet to be an inner surface of the fuel tank; and a chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer containing a water-and-oil repellent, the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer being placed over the Zn plated layer or the ZnNi alloy plated layer on the surface to be the inner surface of the fuel tank. A water contact angle on a surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 70 degrees and an n-hexadecane contact angle on the surface of the chromate-free chemical conversion coating layer is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees.

A package system having a body is described. The body has a bottom wall, at least one side wall, and a top wall cooperating with one another to define an interior compartment for housing a consumable product. At least one of the bottom wall, side wall or top wall includes a viewing portion having a light barrier configured to block wavelengths of visible light from below a baseline wavelength and above a top-line wavelength and pass visible light between the baseline wavelength and the top-line wavelength so as to allow the consumable product to be viewed through the viewing portion of the body.

A storage method of HCFO-1233zd (Z) according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes using a storage container having a liquid-contact portion thereof. The liquid-contact portion is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of epoxy-phenolic resin, phenolic resin, phenolic-butyral resin, stainless steel, iron phosphate, zinc phosphate and glass.