The present invention is a paper sheet transport system including: an air blowing device that generates an air flow for transporting paper sheets; a transport device that transports paper sheets with the air flow; and a control device that controls the air blowing device, and the control device includes a measuring unit that measures the speed of paper sheets on the transport device, and an adjusting unit that adjusts the air flow according to a result of the measurement. The control device includes a detecting unit that detects arrival of paper sheets at a deceleration region, and, when paper sheets in the deceleration region are faster than a specific speed, the adjusting unit causes the air blowing device to generate an air flow in an opposite direction to that of an air flow for transporting the paper sheets.