A leg (205) detection system comprising: a robotic arm (200) comprising a gripping portion (208) for holding a teat cup (203, 210) for attaching to a teat (1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 2038, 203) of a diary livestock (200, 202, 203); an imaging system coupled to the robotic arm (200) and configured to capture a first three-dimensional (3D) image (138, 2400, 2500) of a rearview of the dairy livestock (200, 202, 203) in a stall (402), the imaging system comprising a 3D camera (136, 138) or a laser (132), wherein each pixel of the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) is associated with a depth value; one or more memory (104) devices configured to store a reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) of the stall (402) without any dairy livestock (200, 202, 203); and a processor (102) communicatively coupled to the imaging system and the one or more memory (104) devices, the processor (102) configured to: access the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) and the reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); subtract the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) from the reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a second 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); perform morphological image (138, 2400, 2500) processing on the second 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a third 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); perform image (138, 2400, 2500) thresholding on the third 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); cluster (2616, 2618, 2626, 2628) data from the fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); identify, using the clustered data from the fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to avoid the identified one or more legs (205) while attaching the teat cup (203, 210) to the teat (1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 203S, 203) of the dairy livestock (200, 202, 203).

A leg (205) detection system comprising: a robotic arm (200) comprising a gripping portion (208) for holding a teat cup (203, 210) for attaching to a teat (1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 2038, 203) of a diary livestock (200, 202, 203); an imaging system coupled to the robotic arm (200) and configured to capture a first three-dimensional (3D) image (138, 2400, 2500) of a rearview of the dairy livestock (200, 202, 203) in a stall (402), the imaging system comprising a 3D camera (136, 138) or a laser (132), wherein each pixel of the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) is associated with a depth value; one or more memory (104) devices configured to store a reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) of the stall (402) without any dairy livestock (200, 202, 203); and a processor (102) communicatively coupled to the imaging system and the one or more memory (104) devices, the processor (102) configured to: access the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) and the reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); subtract the first 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) from the reference (3D) 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a second 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); perform morphological image (138, 2400, 2500) processing on the second 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a third 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); perform image (138, 2400, 2500) thresholding on the third 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to produce a fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); cluster (2616, 2618, 2626, 2628) data from the fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500); identify, using the clustered data from the fourth 3D image (138, 2400, 2500) to avoid the identified one or more legs (205) while attaching the teat cup (203, 210) to the teat (1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 203S, 203) of the dairy livestock (200, 202, 203).

A teat preparation apparatus to effectively clean and prepare bovine teat before milking and then sanitize the teat after milking. The apparatus is connected to a control unit and includes a holder attached to a teat receiving body with high-pressure air, pre-dip, and post-dip ports. Located inside the teat receiving body is a spray cylinder that forms two or three stacked, isolated raceways that communicate with the three ports in the teat receiving body so that air, pre-dip solution, and post-dip solution can be selectively sprayed individually or together over a teat at different stages of operation. The holder may be a handpiece operated manually or a support arm integrated with a robotic system with a track parallel to a row of bovines to be milked. When used in a robotic system, two or more teat receiving bodies may be adjusted, enabling the spacing and orientation of each teat receiving body to be adjusted. Additionally, a deflection cap with an optional diffuser enhances functionality.

A teat preparation apparatus to effectively clean and prepare bovine teat before milking and then sanitize the teat after milking. The apparatus is connected to a control unit and includes a holder attached to a teat receiving body with high-pressure air, pre-dip, and post-dip ports. Located inside the teat receiving body is a spray cylinder that forms two or three stacked, isolated raceways that communicate with the three ports in the teat receiving body so that air, pre-dip solution, and post-dip solution can be selectively sprayed individually or together over a teat at different stages of operation. The holder may be a handpiece operated manually or a support arm integrated with a robotic system with a track parallel to a row of bovines to be milked. When used in a robotic system, two or more teat receiving bodies may be adjusted, enabling the spacing and orientation of each teat receiving body to be adjusted. Additionally, a deflection cap with an optional diffuser enhances functionality.

An apparatus includes a carriage, a foundation, a pivot coupler, a platform, a coupler, a linear actuator, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a controller. The carriage moves along the track. The foundation is coupled to the carriage. The pivot coupler is coupled to the foundation. The coupler is coupled to the platform. The coupler couples the platform to the pivot coupler. The extension member is coupled to the linear actuator. The spray tool member is coupled to the extension member. The controller is configured to cause the carriage to move along the track, the platform to pivot, and the extension member to move in the lengthwise direction to position a spray tool coupled to the spray tool member at a spray position from which the spray tool may discharge a solution to a teat of a dairy livestock.

An apparatus includes a carriage, a foundation, a pivot coupler, a platform, a coupler, a linear actuator, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a controller. The carriage moves along the track. The foundation is coupled to the carriage. The pivot coupler is coupled to the foundation. The coupler is coupled to the platform. The coupler couples the platform to the pivot coupler. The extension member is coupled to the linear actuator. The spray tool member is coupled to the extension member. The controller is configured to cause the carriage to move along the track, the platform to pivot, and the extension member to move in the lengthwise direction to position a spray tool coupled to the spray tool member at a spray position from which the spray tool may discharge a solution to a teat of a dairy livestock.

A system includes a platform, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a spray tool. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The platform has a length greater than and orthogonal to its width. The extension member is coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The spray tool member's back end is coupled to the extension member's front end. The spray tool is coupled to the spray tool member's front end and includes a first nozzle oriented in a first direction, a second nozzle oriented in the first direction and positioned in line with the first nozzle, a third nozzle oriented in a second direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles, and a fourth nozzle oriented in a third direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles.

A system includes a platform, an extension member, a spray tool member, and a spray tool. The platform is coupled to and positioned above the carriage. The platform has a length greater than and orthogonal to its width. The extension member is coupled to the platform and its longitudinal axis is parallel to the platform's length. The spray tool member's back end is coupled to the extension member's front end. The spray tool is coupled to the spray tool member's front end and includes a first nozzle oriented in a first direction, a second nozzle oriented in the first direction and positioned in line with the first nozzle, a third nozzle oriented in a second direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles, and a fourth nozzle oriented in a third direction and positioned between and offset from the first and second nozzles.

An apparatus includes a platform, controller, and first and second extension members, brush tool members, and brush tools. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width. The first and second extension members are movably coupled to the platform and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the length of the platform. The first and second brush tool members are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second extension members respectively. The first and second brush tools are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second brush tool members respectively. The controller moves the first extension member towards the front end of the platform, retracts the first extension member towards the back end of the platform, and at a second time after the first time, moves the second extension member towards the front end of the platform.

An apparatus includes a platform, controller, and first and second extension members, brush tool members, and brush tools. The platform has a length orthogonal to and greater than its width. The first and second extension members are movably coupled to the platform and their longitudinal axes are parallel to the length of the platform. The first and second brush tool members are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second extension members respectively. The first and second brush tools are coupled to and extend along the longitudinal axes of the first and second brush tool members respectively. The controller moves the first extension member towards the front end of the platform, retracts the first extension member towards the back end of the platform, and at a second time after the first time, moves the second extension member towards the front end of the platform.