When an electric vehicle is traveling downhill, experiencing regenerative braking, or otherwise forcing the vehicle motor to turn faster than the commanded motor torque, the vehicle motor produces electrical energy that can be used to recharge a vehicle battery. However, if the vehicle battery is already nearly or fully charged, the excess electrical energy produced may damage the battery. Control systems described herein may reduce and/or dispose of the excess energy by manipulating the motor flux (i.e., direct) current and quadrature current independently.

A backpack is disclosed for a personal transport vehicle including, in some embodiments, a back piece including a molded front panel, a securing device, a padded back panel, and a shoulder strap system. The molded front panel includes at least two ridges configured for placement of at least a portion of a body of the personal transport vehicle between the ridges. The securing device, which is attached to a first ridge of the ridges, is configured to cross over the molded front panel to a second ridge of the ridges to secure the body of the personal transport vehicle between the ridges when present. The padded back panel is configured to rest against a backpack wearer's back. The shoulder strap system includes a pair of shoulder straps extending from a top portion of the back piece, across the back panel, and to a medial portion of the back panel.

Methods and apparatus are discussed for an electric-powered personal transportation vehicle with a composite board to support a weight of a user, one or more wheels driven by one or more electric motors, where the electric motors are powered by one or more batteries. The composite board includes a heterogeneous mix of individual components making up the composite board. The composite board includes i) a spine of the composite board made of a hardwood material connected to ii) sides of the composite board made of a vibration-dampening, high-density, foam.

Methods and apparatus are discussed for an electric powered personal transportation vehicle with electric motors powered by one or more batteries. A battery pack storage enclosure i) contains a set of pocket cores. The first battery pack storage enclosure has a rigid internal structure that has a set of pocket cores that hold the battery cells in place and ii) contains a metal mid-plate that functionally transfers thermal heat rapidly through a metal mass of the metal mid-plate to smooth out spikes of local temperatures when an initial battery cell overheats and fails in order to minimize the heat from the initial battery cell failure from propagating and causing a neighboring battery cell to also fail from the heat.

Methods and apparatus are discussed for an electric powered personal transportation vehicle with electric motors powered by one or more batteries. A set of universal battery mounting hole locations and a reserved space for one or more battery housings exist on a board for the personal transportation vehicle. The reserved space on the board for the one or more battery housings that house one or more battery packs is set to not interfere with an operation of the motors or the wheels. A first battery pack containing the one or more batteries differs in at least one of i) a different amp-hour capacity, ii) a different length, width, or height, and iii) a different shape than another battery pack designed to be physically contained in the one or more battery housings and electrically connect with corresponding electrical connections in the one or more battery housings.

A personal transport system is provided including, in an embodiment, an electrically powered vehicle, a companion remote control, and a companion mobile phone application. The vehicle includes an operator-supporting deck, one or more deck-mounted trucks, one or more axle-mounted wheels on each of the one or more trucks, one or more batteries, and a deck lighting system. The one or more batteries power a motor configured to drive the wheels by way of a pulley system, at least one battery of which is disposed under a battery enclosure. The battery enclosure has a first light indicator system, and the companion remote control has a second light indicator system, each of which is configured for communicating with the operator. The deck lighting system includes a light strip of light-emitting diodes disposed in a groove of the deck configured to change state to communicate with the operator or others sharing a road.

An adapter is provided. The adapter features a main body with a flat panel and a series of uniquely designed brackets for enhanced connectivity. Each bracket comprises a central plate with a connector portion, flanked by two outer plates, separated by gaps from the connector. This structure offers robust support and versatile connection capabilities, suitable for diverse applications. The adapter's innovative bracket design ensures reliable functionality and structural integrity.

An ultraviolet court-illumination system is used to light a playing court and any related equipment in a fluorescent manner. The system includes at least one playing court, a first plurality of ultraviolet (UV) court lights, a plurality of fluorescent game boundary-markers, and at least one fluorescent game fixture. The playing court is used for playing games or sports. The plurality of fluorescent game boundary-markers is superimposed onto the playing court and is used to delineate the boundaries of the playing court. The fluorescent game fixture is mounted onto the playing court and may be a net, a goal, or any other fixture used to play the sport. Each of the first plurality of UV court lights is peripherally positioned about the playing court and is used to illuminate the fluorescent game boundary-markers and the fluorescent game fixture. The first plurality of UV court lights is powered by a power source.

Provided is ring equipment made on the basis of an idea going beyond conventional knowledge, which is capable, not only of enhancing the mood of spectators and further creating feeling of high tension and interest of a match, but of making it possible for players to effectively use the ring equipment for the handling of the match, or the like, thereby making the match richer in content. A rope strung between corner posts includes a rope body having translucency and a light emitting member buried in the rope body. The ring equipment is configured so that light from the light emitting member is passed through the rope body and emitted outward in the radial direction of the rope body.

A method and system for use in the game of football to determine ball placement and position, as well as first down demarcations, is described, with various embodiments configured to track the location of a football to determine its position on the field and to determine and display the first down demarcation on the field. Certain embodiments employ software to assist in performing placement determinations, distance determinations, track movement of the ball, first down markers, as well as light emitting modules along a track that extends parallel to the field.