Composite particles are provided. The composite particles can comprise: a base particle; a metal layer encompassing the base particle and having a surface on which a plurality of gaps are formed; and markers provided on the metal layer and also provided within the plurality of gaps of the metal layer.

Methods of forming porous nano-scale or micro-scale structured materials and structured materials formed thereby. Such methods entail providing a donor material and reacting the donor material to form a compound that deposits on a surface of a substrate to produce nano-scale or micro-scale geometric features of the structured material. In particular embodiments, the donor material is in a solution and the reacting step is performed by contacting the surface of the substrate with the solution and directing heat through the solution onto the surface to locally heat a portion of the solution in contact therewith.

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing graphene foam structures by assembling graphene or graphene oxide in a three-dimensional structure, wherein biomolecular surface active agents are used as a template in a water-based foam. The graphene foam structures produced by the method of the invention find industrial application for example in sensing and material applications.

Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

A quantum dot, a light emitting material, and a manufacturing method of quantum dot are provided. A ratio of an emission intensity to an absorption intensity of the quantum dot at a characteristic wavelength ranges from 1.5×10.sup.8 CPS/Abs. to 2.0×10.sup.9 CPS/Abs. The characteristic wavelength is a shorter wavelength of two wavelengths corresponding to half of a maximum intensity of an emission peak of the quantum dot.

An apparatus and method are provided for manufacturing particles. The apparatus and method may be implemented in a roll-to-roll fashion for continuous or intermittent production of particles, using membranes passing from station to station propelled by rollers.

A quantum dot, a light emitting material, and a manufacturing method of quantum dot are provided. A ratio of an emission intensity to an absorption intensity of the quantum dot at a characteristic wavelength ranges from 1.5×10.sup.8 CPS/Abs. to 2.0×10.sup.9 CPS/Abs. The characteristic wavelength is a shorter wavelength of two wavelengths corresponding to half of a maximum intensity of an emission peak of the quantum dot.

Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Aspects include methods of fabricating antibacterial surfaces for medical implant devices including patterning a photoresist layer on a silicon substrate and etching the silicon to generate a plurality of nanopillars. Aspects also include removing the photoresist layer from the structure and coating the plurality of nanopillars with a biocompatible film. Aspects also include a system for preventing bacterial infection associated with medical implants including a thin silicon film including a plurality of nanopillars.

Composite particles are provided. The composite particles can comprise: a base particle; a metal layer encompassing the base particle and having a surface on which a plurality of gaps are formed; and markers provided on the metal layer and also provided within the plurality of gaps of the metal layer.