System, apparatuses, and methods for processing feedstock have a decomposing stage for breaking down feedstock into liquid and gaseous products and a condensing stage for condensing gaseous products to a liquid condensate. A mixing stage can also be used to combine gaseous and liquid feedstock portions into a combined liquid feedstock to be fed to the decomposing stage. The decomposing stage can be one or more flux tanks having a field generator for creating an electromagnetic field through the flux tank configured to decompose feedstock inside. The condensing stage can have a catalyst tank, distillation tank, condensing pipes, or a combination thereof. The mixing stage can be a reformer device having pairs of plates, at least some of the plates are capable of rotating to generate a shear force that creates a cavitation effect to combine the gaseous and liquid feedstock portions.

A contaminated medium (such as soil and/or groundwater) contaminated with petrogenic and/or other organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, light non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), persistent organic pollutants (i.e. sulfolane), chlorinated compounds, and volatile organic compounds, can be mixed with enhanced stimulators and be thermally remediated. The enhanced stimulators are heat induced to undergo exothermic reactions, which initiate a series of in-situ chemical reactions to such as to produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas causes hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons to produce light hydrocarbons which can be recovered such as for future use.

An apparatus and method for removing a compound from a solution are disclosed. The apparatus includes a vessel, a solution heater, and an aeration device, wherein the solution heater and the aeration device are connected to the vessel. The solution is contained in the vessel and heated by the solution heater. The aeration device provides aeration to the heated solution for agitating the heated solution, and the component is thereby removed from the solution.

A phase change crucible that includes an inner chamber comprising an inner chamber wall extending from an inner chamber floor to an inner chamber upper end, an outer chamber comprising an outer chamber wall extending from an outer chamber floor to an outer chamber upper end, wherein the inner chamber upper end terminates beyond the outer chamber upper end and the outer chamber wall encircles the inner chamber wall, an inner collection region formed by the inner chamber wall and the inner chamber floor, and an outer collection region formed by the outer chamber wall, the inner chamber wall, and the outer chamber floor.

A water purification and recovery system and method are provided for treating unprocessed water to produce purified water suitable for any of several uses. The system and method include energy reduction and integration features which enhance cooperation between a sludge recovery module and water purification module. The modules of the system perform sequential separation of solid and dissolved contaminants and impurities, respectively, from the unprocessed water. The sludge recovery module includes two or more induction heaters which are operated at least in part by electricity produced using steam formed in the sludge recovery module by the induction heaters. Purified water and, optionally, one or more concentrated non-aqueous products are produced from the water purification module.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

Methods comprising: evaporating a catalyst source to produce a catalyst gas; condensing the catalyst gas to produce a catalyst vapor comprising catalyst droplets suspended in a gas phase; and contacting the catalyst vapor with a hydrocarbon gas to catalyze a decomposition reaction of the hydrocarbon gas into hydrogen gas and carbon. And, systems comprising: a catalyst source evaporator that provides a first stream to a reactor; a hydrocarbon source that provides a second stream to the reactor; a cooling column coupled to the reactor via a third stream comprising hydrogen, catalyst liquid, solid carbon, optionally catalyst gas, and optionally unreacted hydrocarbon gas such that the cooling column receives the third stream from the reactor; and wherein the cooling column has effluent streams that include (a) a fourth stream that comprises hydrogen and optionally catalyst gas and (b) a fifth stream that comprises catalyst liquid.

The present invention relates to supercritical water oxidation reactor adapted to contain inside the reactor an aqueous fluid below and above its supercritical state, said fluid comprising organic and/or inorganic material and a method of controlling such a reactor.

A contaminated medium (such as soil and/or groundwater) contaminated with petrogenic and/or other organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, light non- aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), persistent organic pollutants (i.e. sulfolane), chlorinated compounds, and volatile organic compounds, can be mixed with enhanced stimulators and be thermally remediated. The enhanced stimulators are heat induced to undergo exothermic reactions, which initiate a series of in-situ chemical reactions to such as to produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas causes hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons to produce light hydrocarbons which can be recovered such as for future use.

The invention includes: 1. One or more stainless boiling chambers 2. Mechanisms for low cost heat production, 3. Mechanisms channeling air molecules flow into the non potable water chambers or mechanisms absorbing air from the drinking water chambers and other chambers and mechanisms of the system, through folded long and spacious tube in a grid shape or in the form of cyclic coil, thus reducing water vapor pressure [BERNOULLI], lowering boiling temperature and increasing evaporation rate, 4. An intermediate chamber to separate water vapor from the droplets of non-drinking water, 5. A tank to feed boiling chambers 6. A single or dual function thermostat or a system of two thermostats, 7. Ion trapping mechanism, 8. Mechanisms for cooling, refrigeration, compression, ice packs and fans to condense water vapor, 9. An electromagnetic valve, or a tubular electropump, when the feed of water is incapable, level limit sensors, electromagnetic switch, electrical relays, timer, power supply switch, optical isolators, power amplifier, 10. Mechanism with a diode (single passage) valve and float (floater) 11. Water vapor transport mechanisms, 12. Collection chambers for drinking water, 13. Expansion (discharge-relief) and non-return valves, 14. Mechanism adding magnesium, potassium and other elements, 15. Mechanism for exit (extraction) of the brine 16. A microprocessor or microcontroller that coordinates the operation of the system. Generally (overall), this device that converts non potable water into ecological potable (drinking) water presents (displays) great potential, (outlook) which can be done in order to be environmentally friendly with less thermal pollution and waste, without using any filters or membranes, since whatsoever, it can produce potable water, respecting (abiding) all hygienic conditions and requirements.